| Preface and Acknowledgments | |
| Notes | |
| Maps | |
| Statistical Profile | |
| State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) | |
| Glossary | |
| Introduction | |
| Ch. 1 | Setting the Stage: The Crisis of 1988 and Its Origins | 1 |
| The Coup of September 18, 1988 | 1 |
| The Origins of the People's Revolution | 3 |
| Ne Win - From Sun King to Cardinal Richelieu? | 12 |
| The Inherited Economic Miasma | 15 |
| The Military as Caretakers | 17 |
| The Military as Socialists | 19 |
| International Reactions to a Reclusive State | 25 |
| Ch. 2 | The Social and Political Backdrop to the Crisis: Myanmar's Modern Heritage | 32 |
| Unrealized Potential | 32 |
| Transformational Events and the Military | 34 |
| State and Society in Burma | 37 |
| The Culture of Power | 50 |
| The Power of Culture | 60 |
| Ch. 3 | The Military and the Aftermath of the Coup | 69 |
| Military Perceptions and Roles | 69 |
| National Security Concepts | 70 |
| The Development of Dual Societies: Military and Civilian | 73 |
| Defense Spending | 77 |
| The Role and Rule of Law | 80 |
| Political and Human Rights | 83 |
| Ch. 4 | Mass Mobilization, Civil Society, and Orthodoxy | 98 |
| Mass Mobilization in Burma | 98 |
| Civil Society and Its Destruction | 101 |
| NGOs in Burma/Myanmar | 115 |
| Ch. 5 | Economic Changes: Progress and Regression | 123 |
| The Economic Maelstrom | 123 |
| Patterns of Economic Change | 133 |
| The Future of the Burmese Economy: Problems and Prospects | 164 |
| App. A | Selected Targets of the Five-Year Plan (1996/97-2000/2001) | 165 |
| App. B | 1999 World Bank Economic and Social Assessment Summary | 166 |
| Ch. 6 | Multiethnicity and the Burmese State | 181 |
| App. A | Linguistic Groups of Burma/Myanmar | 192 |
| App. B | Ethnically Related Rebel Groups in Burma, 1983-84 | 194 |
| App. C | Ethnic Cease-Fires as of July 1998 | 195 |
| App. D | Forces in Revolt (July 1998) | 196 |
| Ch. 7 | The Politics of Social Issues | 198 |
| Poverty | 201 |
| The Destruction of the Educational System | 206 |
| Health | 210 |
| The Status of Women | 213 |
| Narcotics and the Economy | 215 |
| Ch. 8 | Foreign Affairs: Myanmar as Regional Nexus | 223 |
| The China Factor | 223 |
| The ASEAN Issue | 237 |
| The United States and the Issue of Sanctions | 241 |
| Migration and Refugees | 245 |
| Ch. 9 | Foreign Assistance: Tensions and Needs | 252 |
| The Japanese Assistance Program | 253 |
| The U.S. Economic Aid Program | 258 |
| Multilateral and Other Donors | 261 |
| The Future Role of Donors in Myanmar | 263 |
| App. A | Japanese Aid Projects | 270 |
| App. B | Japanese Economic Assistance to Burma: Loans, Grants, Reparations | 270 |
| App. C | U.S. Assistance Program Fiscal Obligations as of August 15, 1967 | 272 |
| App. D | Summary of Actual and Committed U.S. Assistance to Burma, 1950-66 | 273 |
| App. E | Official Development Assistance to Myanmar 1989-97 | 273 |
| App. F | The World Bank, Myanmar: Loans/Credits | 274 |
| Ch. 10 | Conclusion: Burma/Myanmar - Its Future and the Dilemmas of Foreign Policy | 278 |
| Dilemmas and Current Conditions | 286 |
| Assumptions and Constraints | 290 |
| The Changed International Milieu | 295 |
| Future Prospects | 296 |
| App. I | Economic Reform in Burma: Problems and Priority Needs, 1988 | 315 |
| Further Reading | 321 |
| Postscript | 325 |
| About the Author | 329 |
| Index | 331 |
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