I. INTRODUCTION TO WEBSPHERE AND DEPLOYMENT.
1. Introduction.
Who Should Read This Book.
Why Concentrate So Much on Deployment?
How This Book Is Organized.
Introduction to WebSphere.
Conclusion.
2. J2EE Applications.
Understanding J2EE and J2EE Applications.
J2EE Packaging.
EAR File.
Deployment Descriptors.
EAR Deployment Descriptor.
WAS Policy File.
Conclusion.
3. WAS Quick Start.
Overview of Application Used Throughout the Book.
WAS Deployment Quickstart.
Configuring a File Sample Security Registry.
Deploying Applications to WAS.
Verify Deployment.
Conclusion.
4. Build and Deploy Procedures.
Procedures Matter.
Deployment and Build Terminology.
Build and Deployment Models.
Assemble Connection Model.
Assemble Export Model.
Assemble Server Model.
Automation.
Build Automation.
Deployment Automation.
Combining Build and Deployment Automation.
Configuration Automation.
Adding Configuration Automation to Build and Deploy Automation.
Conclusion.
5. WebSphere Architecture.
Runtime Architecture.
Application Clients.
Administration Clients.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
WAS Resource Scope.
Classloaders in WebSphere.
Java 2 Classloaders.
WAS Classloaders.
Shared Library Classloaders.
Property Files and Other Resources.
JNDI and WAS.
Logging and Tracing in WAS.
Conclusion.
II. J2EE DEPLOYMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.
6. J2EE Web Applications and the WebSphere Web Container.
J2EE Web Application Technologies.
Servlets.
JavaServer Pages.
Filters and Life-Cycle Listeners.
J2EE Web Application characteristics.
Http Session.
WAS Web Container.
Web Container Components.
Web Server Plug-in.
Embedded HTTP Server.
Web Application Descriptors and Packaging.
Web Deployment Descriptors.
Packaging Web Application in WAR Files.
Automation.
Examining the Build Scripts.
Build Scripts.
Deploy Scripts.
Running the Build Process.
Conclusion.
7. JDBC as a Resource.
JDBC and J2EE Services.
Resource References.
JDBC Object Types.
JDBC Provider/Driver.
JDBC Data Source.
JDBC Connection.
JDBC Connection Pool.
SQLJ.
JDBC Isolation Levels.
J2EE Connector Architecture.
Resource Adapter.
Automation.
Examining JDBC wsadmin Scripts.
Running the Build and Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
8. J2EE Connector Architecture.
J2C Architecture.
J2C Resource Adapters.
J2C System Contracts.
J2C Common Client Interface.
WAS J2C Implementation.
WebSphere Relational Resource Adapter.
CICS Resource Adapter.
Conclusion.
9. Enterprise JavaBeans.
Introduction to Enterprise JavaBeans.
Enterprise JavaBean Types.
Session Beans.
Entity Beans.
Message Driven Beans.
Enterprise JavaBean Elements.
EJB Java Code.
Standard EJB Deployment Descriptor.
ejb-jar.xml.
WAS EJB Deployment Descriptor.
EJB Life-Cycle.
Enterprise JavaBean Deployment with WAS.
The Enterprise JavaBean Module.
Generating Database Mappings for Entity Beans.
Generating the Deployment Code for EJBs.
Deploying to WAS.
Build and Deployment Analysis.
Conclusion.
10. CMP and Advanced EJB Settings.
Understanding CMP 2.0.
Abstract Schema.
Container Managed Relationships.
EJB Query Language (EJB-QL).
WebSphere Persistence Architecture.
Bean and Data Caching.
Configuring the Bean Pool.
Configuring the Bean Cache.
Configuring EJB Data Cache.
Distributed Cache synchronization.
Dealing with Isolation Levels in CMP.
Access Intent.
Application Profiling.
Schema Mapping.
So Why Does the Deployer Care?
Automation.
Conclusion.
11. Transactions with WebSphere Application Server.
Introduction to Transactions.
ACID Properties.
Transactional Scope.
Distributed Transactions.
J2EE Applications and Transactions.
J2EE Transaction Model.
Using Transactions.
Enterprise JavaBeans.
Transaction Propagation.
Exceptions and Container Managed Transactions.
WebSphere Application Server Transaction Manager.
WebSphere Transactional Enhancements.
Local Transaction Containment.
Last Participant Support.
Activity Sessions.
Distributed Transaction Failure Recovery.
Advanced Recovery Considerations.
Transaction Performance.
Transaction Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
12. JMS and Message Driven Beans.
Understanding JMS.
Understanding Messaging.
Point-to-Point.
Publish/Subscribe.
Java Messaging Service.
JMS Programming Model.
Transactional Behavior in JMS.
JMS in WebSphere Application Server.
JMS Providers.
WebSphere Application Server Embedded Messaging.
WebSphere MQ.
WebSphere MQ Components.
WebSphere MQ Message Formats.
WebSphere MQ Administration.
WebSphere Business Integration Event Broker.
Third Party Providers.
Message-Driven Beans.
Message-Driven Bean Programming Model.
Message-Driven Bean Deployment Descriptor.
MDB Transactional Behavior.
Message Driven Bean Configuration.
JMS Security.
Automation.
Defining JMS Configuration with wsadmin.
Create Security Alias.
Create JMS Resources.
Create JMS Listener Port.
Add the Queue to the JMS Server.
Run the Build Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
13. Other Resources.
URL Resources.
URL Resources and Properties Files.
Creating a URL Resource with wsadmin.
JavaMail.
Mail Providers.
JavaMail Tips.
Creating a Mail Session with wsadmin.
Conclusion.
14. Client Applications.
What Is a 'Client Application'?
Types of WAS-Supported Client Applications.
Client Application Examples.
WAS Application Clients CD.
J2EE Clients.
J2EE Client Packaging.
J2EE Clients and Resources.
Running J2EE Clients.
Thin Clients.
Pluggable Clients.
Applet Clients.
ActiveX Clients.
Conclusion.
III. MANAGING WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER INFRASTRUCTURE.
15. Advanced Considerations for Build.
Application Packaging.
Understanding J2EE Packaging.
Sharing Common EJBs.
Sharing Utility Code.
Verification in Large Development Environments.
Conclusion.
16. Ideal Development and Test Environments.
Environment Stages.
Development Environment.
Development Integration Runtime.
System Test.
Performance/Load Test.
Pre-Production.
Production.
Process Matters.
Tools.
Load Tools.
Application Monitoring.
Troubleshooting.
Reducing Costs.
Pre-Production Staging.
System Test.
Performance Test.
Development Integration Test.
Conclusion.
17. JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
An Introduction to JMX.
Instrumentation Layer.
Agent Layer.
Distributed Services Layer.
JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
WAS MBeans via the MBeanInspector.
Wsadmin MBean Access.
Writing Java Clients to Access MBeans.
Custom MBeans In WAS.
MBean Security.
JMX in WAS-Network Deployment.
JMX Communication in WAS.
Conclusion.
18. Security.
Why Security?
Limits and Reality.
Social Engineering.
WAS Security Architecture.
Authentication.
Authorization.
Advanced Considerations for Security Configuration.
Hardening Security.
Total System View-The Details Matter.
Infrastructure-Based Preventative Measures.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Configuration.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Design/Implementation.
Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
19. WebSphere Caching.
Caching Opportunities.
Caching Implications on Performance.
Caching Static Files.
Static File Handling.
Browser Caching.
Web Server Caching.
WAS Plug-in Static Caching.
Dynamic Caching.
Dynamic Caching Options.
Dynamic Caching Concepts.
Planning for Caching.
Caching Further Out.
External Caches.
Web Tier Dynamic Caching.
Caching at the Edge.
Advanced Caching Topics.
Data Replication Service (DRS).
Troubleshooting Caching Problems.
Conclusion.
IV. WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER NETWORK DEPLOYMENT.
20. WebSphere Network Deployment Architecture.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
Runtime Architecture.
Web Services in WAS-ND.
Edge Components.
ND Cell Administration.
Namespace.
Distributed Replication Service.
Conclusion.
21. WebSphere Network Deployment Clustering.
WebSphere Clustering Architecture.
Creating WebSphere Application Server-ND Clusters.
Application Installation and Maintenance.
Hardware Clustering and WAS-ND.
Other Components.
WAS-ND Administrative Runtime.
Topologies.
Conclusion.
22. Session Management.
An Introduction to HTTP Session.
Session Tracking.
The Session API.
WAS Session Management Configuration.
Local and Distributed Session Options.
Distributed Sessions.
Session Tuning and Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
23. WebSphere Edge Components.
Edge Topology.
Edge Devices.
Load Balancers.
Proxy Server.
WebSphere Edge Components Review.
Load Balancer.
Caching Proxy.
WebSphere Edge Components Implementation.
Load Balancer.
Caching Proxy.
Topology Patterns on the Edge.
Conclusion.
V. PROBLEM DETERMINATION AND SERVER TOOLS.
24. Problem Determination.
Problem Solving First Steps.
Problem Definition.
Understand the Problem.
Problem Validation.
Environment Validation.
HTTP Server Problem Determination.
Elsewhere Around the Infrastructure.
WAS General Problem Determination.
Console Messages.
WAS Logs.
Active WAS Problem Determination.
WebSphere Support and Related Utilities.
When All Else Fails.
Reproducing the Problem.
Building a Team.
Problem Determination Tools.
Power Tools.
Minor Tools.
Problem Prevention.
Conclusion.
25. WebSphere Performance Tuning Tools.
WAS Performance Monitoring Infrastructure.
WebSphere Supplied PMI Clients.
Performance Advisors.
Other Performance Tools.
WebSphere Request Queues.
Performance Tuning in Practice.
Other Performance Tuning Scenarios.
Third-Party Tools.
Conclusion.
VI. APPENDICES.
A. ANT with WebSphere Application Server.
B. Deployment Checklist.
C. Setup Instructions for Samples.
D. Web Services Gateway Clustering.
Just as there are two sides to every coin, there are two sides to each WebSphere project. And just as you can't have one side of a coin without another, you can't leave off one half of your WebSphere project and expect the other to succeed. I'm speaking, of course, about the two major roles involved in J2EE projects—not only application developers (or J2EE programmers) but also the role that's most often overlooked—the application deployer.
The bookshelves of any large bookstore will be well laden with books on how to develop code for J2EE application servers. In fact, most bookstores will have several that I've contributed to. It's easy for a developer to find a good, reliable source of information on how to do his job. However, that's not quite the case with a WebSphere deployer.
Why is this true? Well, I believe that one reason is that even though J2EE has always defined the different roles like deployer and system administrator, the emphasis has always been on the development role because it is the one that the authors and readers of the J2EE specs identify with the most.
This book is one of the first efforts to address this inconsistency. You see, the issue is that deployment is difficult—in many ways, planning and executing a successful application deployment is as difficult as developing the application itself. There are a myriad of issues to consider—is your topology sufficient to meet your application performance needs? Are both your network and applications secured from external intrusion and unauthorized internal access? Do you have a plan for managing upgrades to your application and to the software(application servers, databases, third-party libraries) on which your application depends? If you don't have the right answer for any of these questions, your application will not meet your user's needs, no matter how well it's written. Unfortunately, WebSphere system administrators and deployers often get the short end of the stick when educational resources are assigned. While it's often easy in many development shops to obtain authorization for a class on J2EE development, it's often harder to find a good class on administration and harder to justify the expense. Thus, there exists an urgent need for guides like the book you now hold.
This book is a wonderful resource; not only does it contain detailed instructions on how to carry out the real work of building and deploying applications, but more importantly, it also provides a wealth of information on best practices for application deployment.
I have immense respect for the authors of this book—they are the true experts in their field. When someone needs an answer on application security, topology design, or deployment, no group is more qualified to provide it than the authors assembled for this book. They've done a great job of capturing that knowledge here, and I'm sure you'll benefit from it. So sit back, grab a cup of coffee, and start reading—you'll find that the process of building and deploying your WebSphere applications will be better as a result.
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