Greek Grammar by Herbert Weir Smyth, Gordon M. Messing (Editor), Gordon M. Messing (Revised by)

Introduction

The Greek Language and its Dialects

Advanced Works on Grammar and Dialects

Abbreviations

Part I: Letters, Sounds, Syllables, Accent

The Alphabet

Vowels and Diphthongs

Breathings

Consonants and their Divisions

Pronunciation

Vowel Change

Euphony of Vowels

Hiatus

Contraction

Synizesis

Crasis

Elision

Aphaeresis

Euphony of Consonants

Final Consonants

Movable Consonants

Syllables, and their Quantity

Accent: General Principles

Accent as affected by Contraction, Crasis, Elision

Change of Accent in Declension, Inflection, and Composition

Proclitics and Enclitics

Marks of Punctuation

Part II: Inflection

Parts of Speech, Stems, Roots

Declension

Number, Gender, Cases

Rules for Accent of Nouns, Case Endings of Nouns

Declension of Substantives

First Declension

Second Declension

Third Declension (Consonant Stems)

Formation of Cases and Stems, Gender

Labial Stems

Dental Stems

Liquid Stems

Stems in Sigma

Stems

Cases

Irregular Declension

Declension of Adjectives

First and Second Declensions

Third Declension

Consonant and Vowel Declension Combined

Irregular Declension

Comparison of Adjectives

Declension of Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Intensive Pronoun

Reflexive Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns

Reciprocal Pronoun, Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronouns

Interrogative and IndefinitePronouns

Relative Pronouns

Correlative Pronouns

Adverbs: Origin, Comparison, Correlative Adverbs

Numerals

Verbs

Voices, Moods, Verbal Nouns, Tenses

Number, Person, Tense-stems

Principal Parts, Verb-stems

Inflection, MI Inflection, Thematic Vowel. Paradigms

Vowel Verbs: Synopsis and Conjugation

Vowel Verbs Contracted

Consonant Verbs

Accent of Verbs

Augment

Reduplication

Tense-suffixes, Thematic Vowel

Mood-suffixes

Personal Endings

Formation of Tense-systems

Changes in the Verb-stem

Present and Imperfect

First Class (Simple Class)

Second Class (Tan Class)

Third Class (Iota Class)

Fourth Class

Fifth Class

Sixth Class (Mixed Class)

Future, Active and Middle

First Aorist, Active and Middle

Second Aorist, Active and Middle

First Perfect and Pluperfect, Active

Second Perfect and Pluperfect, Active

Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect, Middle

First Passive (First Aorist and First Future)

Second Passive (Second Aorist and Second Future)

Periphrastic Forms

First Conjugation or Verbs

Vowel Verbs

Liquid Verbs, Stop Verbs

Inflection of Verbs

Present and Imperfect, Active and Middle

Contract Verbs

Future Active and Middle, Future Perfect

Future Passive

First Aorist, Active and Middle

First and Second Aorist Passive

Second Aorist, Active and Middle

First and Second Perfect and Pluperfect, Active

Perfect and Pluperfect, Middle

Second Conjugation or Verbs in MI

Present System; First or Simple Class

Fourth Class

Inflection of MI-Verbs

Present and Imperfect

Futures, First Aorist, Second Aorist

First and Second Perfect and Pluperfect, Active, Perfect Middle

Irregular MI-Verbs

Peculiarities in the Use of Voice-forms

Future Middle with Active Meaning

Middle Deponents, Passive Deponents

Deponents with Passive Meaning

Active Verbs with Aorist Passive in a Middle Sense

Mixture of Transitive and Intransitive Senses

Part III: Formation of Words

Primary and Secondary Stems

Primitive and Denominative Words

Suffixes

Changes in Stems

Formation of Substantives

Formation of Adjectives

List of Noun Suffixes

Denominative Verbs

First Part of a Compound

Last Part of a Compound

Accent of Compounds, Meaning of Compounds

Part IV: Syntax

Sentences, Subject, Predicate

Syntax of the Simple Sentence

Subject a Substantive or an Equivalent

Predicate Nouns, Attributive Adjective

Appositive, Copula, Object

Expansion of Subject and Predicate

The Concords

The Subject

Its Omission

Impersonal Verbs, Subject of the Infinitive

Case of the Subject the Nominative

The Predicate

Omission of the Verb

Concord of Subject and Predicate

With One Subject

With Two or More Subjects

Concord of Predicate Substantives

Apposition

Peculiarities in the Use of Number, Gender, Person

Adjectives

Attributive Adjectives: their Agreement

Predicate Adjectives: their Agreement

Attraction of Predicate Nouns

Comparison of Adjectives (and Adverbs)

Adverbs

The Article

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

The Pronoun

Reflexive Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

The Cases

Vocative

Genitive

Genitive Proper with Nouns

Genitive of Possession

Genitive of the Divided Whole (Partitive)

Genitive of Quality

Genitive of Explanation

Genitive of Material, Measure

Genitive, Subjective and Objective

Genitive of Value

Genitive Proper with Verbs

Partitive Genitive

Genitive of Price and Value

Genitive of Crime and Accountability

Genitive of Connection

Genitive with Compound Verbs

Genitive Proper: Free Uses

Ablatival Genitive with Verbs

Genitive of Separation

Genitive of Distinction, Comparison

Genitive of Cause

Genitive of Source

Genitive with Adjectives

Genitive With Adverbs

Genitive of Time and Place

Dative

Dative Proper

Dative Dependent on a Single Word

Direct Complement

Indirect Complement

Director Indirect Complement

Dative as a Modifier of the Sentence

Dative of Interest

Dative of Relation

Dative with Adjectives, Adverbs, Substantives

Instrumental Dative

Instrumental Dative Proper

Comitative Dative

With Adjectives, Adverbs, Substantives

Locative Dative

Dative with Compound Verbs

Accusative

Accusative of Internal Object (Object Effected)

Accusative of External Object (Object Affected)

Free Uses of the Accusative

Accusative of Respect

Adverbial Accusative

Two Accusatives with One Verb

Two Verbs with a Common Object

The Prepositions

Origin and Development

Variation

Repetition and Omission

Ordinary Uses

List of Prepositions

Improper Prepositions

The Verb

The Voices

Active Voice

Middle Voice

Passive Voice

The Moods

The Particle

The Moods in Simple Sentences

The Tenses

Kind of Time, Stage of Action

Tenses outside of the Indicative

Tenses of the Indicative

Present

Imperfect

Future

Aorist

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future Perfect

Periphrastic Tenses

The Infinitive

Subject and Predicate Noun with Infinitive

Personal and Impersonal Construction

Infinitive without the Article

As Subject, Predicate, and Appositive

Not in Indirect Discourse

After Verbs of will or desire

After Other Verbs

After Adjectives, Adverbs, and Substantives Infinitive of Purpose and Result

Absolute Infinitive

Infinitive in Commands, Wishes, and Exclamations

In Indirect Discourse

Infinitive with the Article

THE PARTICIPLE

Attributive Participle

Circumstantial Participle

Genitive Absolute

Accusative Absolute

Adverbs used in Connection with Circumstantial Participles

Supplementary Participle

Not in Indirect Discourse

In Indirect Discourse

Omission

Participle in Indirect Discourse

Verbs taking either the Participle or the Infinitive

Remarks on Some Uses of Participles

Verbal Adjectives

Personal and Impersonal Constructions

Summary of the Forms of Simple Sentences

Syntax of the Compound Sentence

Asyndeton

Coordination in Place of Subordination - Parataxis

Syntax of the Complex Sentence

General View

Anticipation (or Prolepsis)

Assimilation of Moods

Three Main Classes of Subordinate Clauses

Purpose Clauses (Final Clauses)

Equivalents of a Final Clause

Object Clauses

Connection of Final with Object Clauses

Object Clauses with Verbs of Effort

Object Clauses with Verbs of Caution

Object Clauses with Verbs of Fearing

Causal Clauses

Result Clauses (Consecutive Clauses)

with the Infinitive

with a Finite Verb

Proviso Clauses

Conditional Clauses

Classification

Table of Conditional Forms

Present and Past Conditions

Simple Present and Past Conditions

Present and Past Unreal Conditions

Unreal Conditions

Future Conditions

More Vivid Future Conditions

Emotional Future Conditions

Less Vivid Future Conditions

General Conditions

Present General Conditions

Past General Conditions Indicative Form of General Conditions

Different Forms of Conditional Sentences in the Same Sentence

Variations from the Ordinary Forms and Meanings of Conditional Sentences

Modifications of the Protasis

Modifications of the Apodosis

Protasis and Apodosis Combined

Less Usual Combinations of Complete Protasis and Apodosis

Two or More Protases or Apodoses in One Sentence

Concessive Clauses

Temporal Clauses

Indicative Temporal Clauses referring to Present Or Past Time

Temporal Clauses referring to the Future

Temporal Clauses in Generic Sentences

Temporal Clauses denoting Purpose

Summary of the Constructions of so long as and until

General Rule

Comparative Clauses

Similes and Comparisons

Relative Clauses

Relative Pronouns

Concord of Relative Pronouns

The Antecedent of Relative Clauses

Definite and Indefinite Antecedent

Omission of the Antecedent

Relative not Repeated

Attraction of Relative Pronouns

Case of the Relative with Omitted Antecedent

Inverse Attraction of Relative Pronouns

Incorporation of the Antecedent

Other Peculiarities of Relative Clauses

Use of the Moods in Relative Clauses

Classes of Relative Clauses

Ordinary Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses of Purpose

Relative Clauses of Cause

Relative Clauses of Result

Conditional Relative Clauses

Less Usual Forms

Dependent Substantive Clauses

Dependent Statements

Indirect Discourse

General Principles

Simple Sentences in Indirect Discourse

Complex Sentences in Indirect Discourse

Implied Indirect Discourse

Remarks on the Constructions of Indirect Discourse

Interrogative Sentences

Direct Questions

Indirect Questions

Exclamatory Sentences

Direct Exclamatory Sentences

Indirect Exclamatory Sentences

Negative Sentences

Differences between words

Positions

Adherescent

Indicative and Optative

Subjunctive and Imperative

Negatives of Indirect Discourse

Infinitive

Not in Indirect Discourse

In Indirect Discourse

Participle

Substantives and Adjectives used Substantively

Apparent Exchange

Infinitive depending on Verbs of Negative Meaning

Infinitive depending on Negatived Verbs

Participle depending on Negatived Verbs

Subjunctive and Indicative

Redundant

Negatives and the Infinitive

Accumulation of Negatives

Some Negative Phrases

Particles

General View

List of Particles

Figures

List of Grammatical and Rhetorical Figures

Appendix: List of Verbs

English Index

Greek Index