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As a longtime advocate for banning the common food and beverage additive aspartame as an "imminent public health hazard," this Florida physician informs doctors and consumers about a multiplicity of patients' adverse reactions to it. Based on case studies and responses to a questionnaire (which is included), such reactions include neurological, psychological, and immunological symptoms and disorders. Dr. Roberts also discusses aspartame consumption, its biochemistry, high risk groups, and obstacles to regulation, but does rely on controlled studies. Appends his 1987 Senate testimony on Nutrasweet/Equal, and opinions regarding the risks of aspartame for specific patient populations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
As a longtime advocate for banning the common food and beverage additive aspartame as an "imminent public health hazard," this Florida physician informs doctors and consumers about a multiplicity of patients' adverse reactions to it. Based on case studies and responses to a questionnaire (which is included), such reactions include neurological, psychological, and immunological symptoms and disorders. Dr. Roberts also discusses aspartame consumption, its biochemistry, high risk groups, and obstacles to regulation, but does rely on controlled studies. Appends his 1987 Senate testimony on Nutrasweet/Equal, and opinions regarding the risks of aspartame for specific patient populations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
| Preface | 1 | |
| Overview | 10 | |
| A. | Aspartame | 11 |
| B. | The Alleged Safety of Aspartame | 11 |
| C. | Aspartame Consumption | 15 |
| D. | Advertisement of Aspartame Products | 21 |
| E. | The Economic Impact | 24 |
| F. | Evolving Doubts: "Going Public" | 27 |
| G. | Corroboration | 33 |
| H. | The Need for Perspective and Action | 35 |
| Section 1 | Aspartame Reactors | 37 |
| Chapter I. | Patient and Consumer Experiences | 39 |
| Chapter II. | Clinical Data on 1,200 Aspartame Reactors | 66 |
| A. | General Data and Statistics | 67 |
| B. | Age Range | 74 |
| C. | Aspartame Consumption | 75 |
| D. | Reactions to Small Quantities | 79 |
| E. | Aspartame Gum | 81 |
| F. | Latent Period | 86 |
| G. | Persistence of Symptoms | 88 |
| H. | Gender | 88 |
| I. | Seasonally Increased Consumption | 91 |
| J. | Familial Ramifications | 93 |
| K. | Multiple Reactions to Aspartame Products | 102 |
| Section 2 | Analysis of Aspartame Reactions | 105 |
| Chapter III. | Convulsions (Epilepsy) | 110 |
| Chapter IV. | Eye Problems | 154 |
| Chapter V. | Headache | 193 |
| Chapter VI. | Other Neurologic Complications | 205 |
| A. | General Considerations | 206 |
| B. | Dizziness and Unsteadiness | 214 |
| C. | Confusion and Memory Loss | 217 |
| D. | Suspected Multiple Sclerosis | 231 |
| E. | Atypical Peripheral Neuropathy | 236 |
| F. | Severe Muscle Weakness; Suspect Motor Neurone Disease | 241 |
| G. | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity; "Restless Legs"; Tourette Syndrome | 245 |
| H. | Atypical and Unexplained Pain | 250 |
| I. | Slurring of Speech | 253 |
| J. | Tremors | 255 |
| K. | Narcolepsy: Sleep Apnea | 262 |
| L. | Intellectual Deterioration | 267 |
| M. | Myasthenia Gravis | 276 |
| N. | Pseudotumor Cerebri | 278 |
| O. | Unexplained "Blackouts" | 281 |
| P. | Difficulty in Expression; Dyslexia | 282 |
| Chapter VII. | Psychological, Psychiatric and Behavioral Problems | 284 |
| A. | General Comments and Caveats | 285 |
| B. | Depression | 293 |
| C. | "Anxiety Attacks" and Phobias | 302 |
| D. | "Personality Changes"; Abnormal Behavior | 307 |
| E. | Severe Fatigue | 312 |
| F. | Insomnia | 315 |
| G. | Aspartame Addiction | 318 |
| Chapter VIII. | Allergies and Skin Reactions; Immunologic Perspectives | 330 |
| A. | General Considerations | 331 |
| B. | Itching and Hives | 337 |
| C. | Other Aspartame-Associated Allergies | 347 |
| D. | Photosensitivity | 351 |
| E. | The Lupus Erythematosus Issue | 352 |
| F. | Additional Skin Problems | 354 |
| G. | Dual Sensitivity to Aspartame and Monosodium Glutamate | 358 |
| H. | The Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome | 361 |
| I. | Broader Immunologic Perspectives | 364 |
| Chapter IX. | Additional Aspartame-Related Medical Disorders | 371 |
| A. | Ear Problems | 371 |
| B. | Eating Disorders | 375 |
| Excessive Weight Loss | 376 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia | 385 | |
| Obesity; Paradoxic Weight Gain | 389 | |
| C. | Heart and Chest Problems | 395 |
| Abnormal Heart Rhythms | 395 | |
| Atypical Chest Pain | 398 | |
| Hypertension | 400 | |
| Severe Vasomotor Reactions | 403 | |
| Shortness of Breath | 404 | |
| D. | Gastrointestinal Reactions | 406 |
| E. | Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | 422 |
| Menstrual and Other Endocrine Changes | 423 | |
| Decreased Sexuality; Infertility | 428 | |
| Hypothyroidism; Thyroiditis | 429 | |
| Hyperthyroidism; Pseudohyperthyroidism | 431 | |
| Breast Tenderness | 436 | |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 437 | |
| F. | Fluid Disturbances | 438 |
| Intense Thirst and Dry Mouth | 438 | |
| Fluid Retention; "Bloat" | 440 | |
| Urinary Complaints | 442 | |
| G. | Joint/Muscle Complaints; Fibromyalgia; Muscle Cramps | 446 |
| H. | Increased Susceptibility to Infection | 463 |
| I. | Interference With Drug Action | 468 |
| J. | Blood and Lymph Node Disorders; Altered Folic Acid Metabolism | 475 |
| K. | Liver Dysfunction | 479 |
| Section 3 | High-Risk Groups | 484 |
| General Considerations | 485 | |
| Chapter X. | Pregnant and Nursing Women | 487 |
| Chapter XI. | Infants and Children | 498 |
| Chapter XII. | Prior Alcoholism; Alcohol Use | 517 |
| Chapter XIII. | Diabetes Mellitus | 524 |
| Chapter XIV. | Hypoglycemia | 548 |
| Chapter XV. | Older Persons; The Acceleration of Alzheimer's Disease | 559 |
| Chapter XVI. | Families of Aspartame Reactors | 583 |
| Chapter XVII. | Phenylketonuria and PKU Carriers | 587 |
| Section 4 | The Questionnaire Survey for Aspartame Disease | 598 |
| Chapter XVIII. | The Questionnaire | 599 |
| Chapter XIX. | Responses to the Questionnaire | 608 |
| Section 5 | Aspartame: Chemical Structure; Metabolism; Biophysiologic Considerations | 653 |
| Chapter XX. | Metabolism; Effects of Heat and Storage; The "Normal-Protein-Building-Blocks" Fallacy | 656 |
| Chapter XXI. | Methyl Alcohol (Methanol) Toxicity | 668 |
| Chapter XXII. | Phenylalanine; Aspartic Acid; Stereoisomers; Amino Acid Imbalances | 686 |
| Chapter XXIII | Altered Neurotransmitter Function (Including Serotonin and Cholecystokinin) | 711 |
| Chapter XXIV. | Effects on Hormones and Metabolism | 721 |
| Chapter XXV. | Other Hazardous Metabolites | 730 |
| Section 6 | The Imminent Public Health Threat Issue | 734 |
| A. | Implications of Aspartame Consumption: An Overview | 737 |
| B. | The Concept of Food Additive Safety | 742 |
| C. | The Imminent Hazard Regulation | 744 |
| D. | Broader Public Health Perspectives | 750 |
| E. | Related Considerations | 759 |
| Chapter XXVI. | Epidemiology | 762 |
| Chapter XXVII. | Safety Considerations | 767 |
| A. | Aspartame as a "Drug" | 771 |
| B. | Inadequate Labeling | 772 |
| C. | The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) Issue | 778 |
| D. | Other Potential Public Health Hazards | 784 |
| E. | Tumors and Cancer; The Delaney Amendment | 795 |
| F. | Brain Tumors | 800 |
| G. | Occupational Exposure | 810 |
| H. | The Silicone Breast Implant Litigation Issue | 812 |
| I. | The "Gulf War Syndrome" | 817 |
| J. | Other Indicated Areas for Research | 819 |
| K. | The Issues of Saccharin and Cyclamate Safety | 826 |
| Section 7 | Obstacles to Information, Education and Regulation | 832 |
| A. | Historical Misgivings About Aspartame | 834 |
| B. | Bureaucratic - Political - Corporate Complexities | 843 |
| C. | A Reluctant Press | 845 |
| D. | Related Considerations | 847 |
| Chapter XXVIII. | Confused Health Care Professionals; Flawed Research | 853 |
| Chapter XXIX. | The Plight of Confused Consumers | 887 |
| Chapter XXX | Anti-Aspartame Consumer Advocates | 907 |
| Chapter XXXI. | More Legal, Corporate and Bureaucratic Obstacles | 936 |
| Chapter XXXII. | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | 950 |
| Section 8 | Advice for Physicians and Consumers | 961 |
| Chapter XXXIII. | Pointers for Physicians | 962 |
| Chapter XXXIV. | Consumer Precautions and Options; "Detoxification" | 966 |
| Appendices | ||
| A. | Statement by H. J. Roberts, M D. for U.S. Senate Hearing, November 3, 1987 | 978 |
| B. | Professional Opinion Concerning the Use of Products Containing Aspartame by Persons With Diabetes and Hypoglycemia | 980 |
| C. | Professional Opinion Concerning the Use of Products Containing Aspartame by Pregnant Women, Infants and Children | 983 |
| D. | Professional Opinion Concerning the Use of Products Containing Aspartame by Persons With Ear and Equilibrium Problems | 985 |
| E. | Professional Opinion Concerning the Use of Products Containing Aspartame by Persons With Eye Problems | 987 |
| F. | Professional Opinion Concerning Aspartame Disease Simulating Multiple Sclerosis | 989 |
| G. | Professional Opinion Concerning Cardiac and Chest Complaints Attributable to Aspartame Products | 990 |
| H. | Professional Opinion Concerning Allergic Reactions to Products Containing Aspartame | 992 |
| I. | Professional Opinion Concerning Saccharin and Aspartame Labeling | 993 |
| Bibliography | 994 | |
| Index | 1019 |
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