| Preface | |
| List of Tables | |
| List of Illustrations | |
| List of Maps | |
| Bk. 1 | The Old Social Classes | |
| 1 | The "Old Social Classes": Practical and Theoretical Clarifications; Applicability of Concept, Difficulties of Analysis | 5 |
| 2 | Of the Diversity of Iraqis, the Incohesiveness of Their Society, and Their Progress in the Monarchic Period toward a Consolidated Political Structure | 13 |
| 3 | The Geographic Distribution of the Principal Racial-Religious Groups and Relevant Causative Factors | 37 |
| 4 | Some Religious-Class and Ethnic-Class Correlations | 44 |
| 5 | The Mallaks or Landowners | 53 |
| 6 | The Shaikhs, Aghas, and Peasants | 63 |
| 7 | The Sadah | 153 |
| 8 | The Old "Aristocracy" of Officials | 211 |
| 9 | The Chalabis and the Jewish Merchants and Merchant-Sarrafs | 224 |
| 10 | The Crown and the Ex-Sharifian Officers | 319 |
| Bk. 2 | The Communists from the Beginnings of Their Movement to the Fifties | |
| 11 | The Earliest "Levelers"; the Armenian Hentchak; the Jewish Communists; and the Communist International | 367 |
| 12 | Husain ar-Rahhal, as Sahifah Group, and at-Tadamun Club | 389 |
| 13 | Pyotr Vasili and the Basrah and Nasiriyyah Communist Circles | 404 |
| 14 | The Founding of the Iraqi Communist Party | 411 |
| 15 | Two Iraqis - Three Sects | 434 |
| 16 | Beginning again; or the Communists in the Period of the Coups d'Etat (1936-1941) | 439 |
| 17 | Of the General Causes That Made for the Increase of Communism in the Two Decades before the July Revolution | 465 |
| 18 | Fahd | 485 |
| 19 | Toward a Tightly Knit, Ideologically Homogeneous Party | 493 |
| 20 | New Situations, New Approaches | 523 |
| 21 | The Arrest of Fahd and after | 537 |
| 22 | Al-Wathbah | 545 |
| 23 | The Disaster; the Death of Fahd on the Gallows; the "Children Communists" | 567 |
| 24 | Fahd, the Communist International, the Soviets, the Syrian Communists, and the People's Party | 574 |
| 25 | The Communists and the Question of Palestine | 597 |
| 26 | The Character, Scope, and Forms of Party Activity | 604 |
| 27 | The Organization, Membership, and Social Structure of the Party (1941-1949) | 628 |
| 28 | The Finances of the Party | 653 |
| 29 | Baha-ud-Din Nuri Rebuilds the Party | 659 |
| 30 | The Intifadah of November | 666 |
| 31 | More and More Extremism, Less and Less Sense | 671 |
| 32 | A Defeat for the Party, or the Birth of the Baghdad Pact | 679 |
| 33 | A Bit of Forgotten History, or the Tragic Occurrences at the Baghdad and Kut Prisons | 690 |
| 34 | A Debate on Religion | 694 |
| 35 | The Composition of the Party (1949-1955) | 699 |
| Bk. 3 | The Communists, the Ba'thists, and the Free Officers from the Fifties to the Present | |
| 36 | The Communist Helm Changes Hands, the Communist Ranks Close | 709 |
| 37 | The New Strong Men of the Communist Party: Husain Ahmad ar-Radi, 'Amer 'Abdallah, and Jamal al-Haidari | 712 |
| 38 | The Ba'th of the Fifties: Its Origins, Creed, Organization, and Membership | 722 |
| 39 | The Arabization of the Communist Party's View and the Risings at Najaf and Havy in 1956 | 749 |
| 40 | The Formation of the Supreme National Committee, February 1957 | 758 |
| 41 | The Free Officers, the Communists, and the July 1958 Revolution | 764 |
| 42 | "Sole Leader," Dual Power | 808 |
| 43 | Mutual Antagonism, Mutual Defeat | 861 |
| 44 | Mosul, March 1959 | 866 |
| 45 | The Flow | 890 |
| 46 | Kirkuk, July 1959 | 912 |
| 47 | The Ebb | 922 |
| 48 | The Self-Flagellation | 926 |
| 49 | The Recovery | 931 |
| 50 | The Bogus Party | 936 |
| 51 | From Pillar to Post | 942 |
| 52 | The Ba'thists Make Preparation, the Communists Give Warning | 966 |
| 53 | "The Bitterest of Years" | 974 |
| 54 | The Composition and Organization of the Communist Party (1955-1963) | 995 |
| 55 | The First Ba'thi Regime, or toward One-Party Rule | 1003 |
| 56 | The Younger, Aref, the Nasirites, and the Communists | 1027 |
| 57 | Under the Elder 'Aref, or the Rift in the Communist Ranks | 1062 |
| 58 | The Second Ba'thi Regime | 1073 |
| 59 | Conclusion | 1113 |
| App. 1 | Earliest Bolshevik Activities and Contacts | 1137 |
| App. 2: Supplementary Tables | 1231 |
| Bibliography | 1231 |
| Glossary | 1253 |
| Index I: Names of Families and Tribes | 1259 |
| Index II: Personal Names | 1262 |
| Index III: Subjects | 1272 |