Nixon's Shadow: The History of an Image by David Greenberg

From the Publisher

To his conservative supporters in 1940s southern California, Richard Nixon was a populist everyman; to liberal intellectuals of the 1950s, he was "Tricky Dick," a devious manipulator; to 1960s radicals, a shadowy conspirator; to the Washington press corps, a pioneering spin doctor; to his loyal Middle Americans, a victim of liberal hatred; to recent historians, an unlikely liberal. Nixon's Shadow rediscovers these competing images of the protean Nixon, showing how each was created and disseminated in American culture and how Nixon's tinkering with his own image often backfired. During Nixon's long tenure on the national stage-and through the succession of "new Nixons" so brilliantly described here-Americans came to realize how thoroughly politics relies on manipulation. Since Nixon, it has become impossible to discuss politics without asking: What is the politician's "real" character? How authentic or inauthentic is he? What image is he trying to project? More than what Nixon did, this fascinating book reveals what Nixon meant.

The New York Times

David Greenberg's volume arrives at an opportune moment. Greenberg seeks to place Richard Nixon in his full habitat, exploring not just the contours of his life, but the different ways he was perceived -- accurately and inaccurately. Like Merrill Peterson, who studied the images of Jefferson and Lincoln, and Walter Isaacson, who added a thoughtful meditation on Franklin's shifting personae to his new profile, Greenberg is after something more complicated than mere biography. His approach in Nixon's Shadow verges on anthropology, using a single specimen to draw conclusions about the larger tribe and its cannibalistic rituals. — Ted Widmer

The Guardian (London) - Jay Parini

...[an] enthralling, compulsively readable book.... Digging into a plethora of sources, including print archives, biographies, newsreels, movies, plays, songs and cartoons, he turns the image of Nixon around like a many-sided jewel, seeing how the light shines differently through each facet.

Publishers Weekly

In this aptly named study, Greenberg, a Bancroft Prize winner who also collaborated with Bob Woodward on The Agenda, sedulously avoids value judgments about the effectiveness of Richard Nixon's policies, offering instead a kaleidoscopic view of the man's many images: as Tricky Dick, as conspirator, as victim, as statesman, among others. Borrowing Woodward's device of calibrating his subjects through the eyes of others, Greenberg presents the opinions of Nixon loyalists, Nixon haters, pundits from the left and right, mainstream historians, revisionist historians, psychobiographers, the Washington press corps and members of the foreign policy establishment. According to Greenberg, this retrospective shows Nixon to have been the first postmodern president, the first whose image was purposefully manipulated for political reasons and without regard to accomplishments. The author also argues that the key to understanding Nixon is not in "discarding the many images of him... but [in] gathering and assembling them into a strange, irregular, mosaic." But with an impressive number of viewpoints sampled, hundreds of sources quoted and even TV shows Laugh-In and Saturday Night Live plumbed for Nixon references, readers may find the citations overwhelming. Still, for sheer drama, Nixon's career remains worthy of review, from his red-baiting 1950 Senate campaign against Helen Gahagan Douglas, his involvement in the Alger Hiss perjury case and the infamous "Checkers" speech to the Khrushchev kitchen debate, his China policy and the political drama of the century, Watergate. Greenberg's thoroughly researched book, despite its faults, brightly illuminates the passionate public responses that swirled around one of the most controversial politicians of our times. 16 pages of photos not seen by PW. (Sept.) Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.

Library Journal

Theodore White, the late, respected political pundit, called Franklin Roosevelt and Richard Nixon "the most enduring American politicians of the 20th century." In this vibrant account of Richard Nixon as a cultural icon-the first book on this subject-Slate.com columnist Greenberg shows why White's summation aptly applies to Nixon. This investigation demonstrates how Nixon's sympathizers-conservatives, loyalists, and members of the foreign policy establishment-and his detractors-psychobiographers, the New Left, and liberals-responded to his political shape shifting. Ultimately, Nixon was less than successful at crafting a statesman image to hide his "tricky Dick" reputation, which was burnished by the Watergate scandal, asserts Greenberg. Included here are many anecdotes of how Nixon is portrayed in novels, films, television, popular music, poetry, and even opera. Revisionist historians during the 1990s recast Nixon as a kind of liberal, which shows that Nixon's shadows continue to change a decade after his death. This social history reveals Nixon's complex public and political personas as no chronological biography has done to date. Highly recommended for most public library and all academic collections. [Previewed in Prepub Alert, LJ 5/15/03.]-Karl Helicher, Upper Merion Twp. Lib., King of Prussia, PA Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.

Kirkus Reviews

"No postwar politician did more to educate Americans to the primacy of image in politics" than Richard Nixon. So argues historian Greenberg in a rich work full of lessons and implications for spin doctors. Richard Milhous Nixon lent himself to caricature throughout his long political career: famed for his five o'clock shadow at all hours of the day, for his sweaty brow, for his ski nose, he paid the mortgages for countless editorial cartoonists. This was not the legacy he sought, though Nixon was long aware of the need for a modern president to convey a memorable image at all times; in fact, Nixon reflected in one of his many memoirs, "In the modern presidency, concern for image must rank with concern for substance." But Nixon, Greenberg argues, indeed authored that legacy and more: he gave us our current common-man image of the president, whether believable or not in his case, which did much for the rise of conservative populism; and in countless other ways he "nourished a culture in which the traffic in imagery was a constant and overriding concern." Greenberg gets down to quite specific cases: he demonstrates, for instance, that Nixon carefully arranged for the famed May 1972 summit on strategic-arms limitations to be held in Moscow not to achieve greater public support for detente, but instead, as Charles Colson put it, "to strengthen the president's image as one of the great world leaders of the century"; he constantly shifted political stances and alliances to keep what he imagined to be the most voter-friendly image before the public view, such that today no one can quite agree whether he was a conservative or a liberal; and in the final days, he even conspired to lock reporters inthe White House press room so that he could have a moment away from the cameras he had always courted, "unmolested and unobserved." Thought-provoking from start to finish. Agents: Andrew Wylie, Sarah Chalfant/Wylie Agency

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