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Robert Michels (1876-1936) was a German sociologist who wrote on the political behavior of intellectual elites and contributed to elite theory. He became a Socialist while teaching at the University of Marburg, and became active in the radical wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany; he left the party in 1907. In 1914, Michels became a professor of economics at the University of Basel, where he taught until 1926. He is best known for his book Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy (1916), which contains a description of the "iron law of oligarchy". Amongst his other works are Proletariato e la Borghesia nel Movimento Socialista Italiano (1908), Probleme der Sozialphilosophie (1914) and Imperialismo Italiano: Studi Politico- Demografici (1914).
**** Cited in Books for College Libraries, 3rd ed.. Comprises a critical discussion of the problem of democracy with an analysis of the three tendencies that oppose the realization of democracy: dependence on the nature of the individual, the political structure, and the organization. First published in 1910, this text is aimed at political scientists, sociologists, and historians. No bibliography. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
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