Woman's Role in Economic Development by Ester Boserup, Camilla Toulmin, Nazneen Kanji, Su Fei Tan

Introduction   Nazneen Kanji   Su Fei Tan   Camilla Toulmin     v
Preface     xxvii
In the Village
Male and Female Farming Systems     3
The Division of Labour within African Agriculture     4
The Plough, The Veil and the Labourer     12
Population Pressure and Sex Roles in Farming     19
The Economics of Polygamy     25
The Status of Younger Wives     29
Work Input and Women's Status     35
Loss of Status under European Rule     41
The Responsibility of the Europeans     41
From Cultivator to Family Aid     45
The Revolt of the Women     51
The Casual Worker     54
The Influence of Caste on Women's Work and Wages     57
Cheap Labour for the Export Sector     64
The Female Coolie     67
The Impact of Agricultural Modernization on the Employment of Women     68
In the Town
Women in a Men's World     73
Sex and Race in Market Trade     75
Work Input and Earnings of Market Women     80
From the Market Place to the Super-Market     83
Female Services in Male Towns     87
Domestic Servants     91
Industry: From the Hut to the Factory     94
Women's Drop-out from Industry     98
Why Employers Prefer Male Workers     100
Why Women Shun the Factory     102
The Educated Woman     107
Seclusion in the Professions     111
The Feminization of Clerical Jobs     118
The Pull of White Collar Jobs     123
Women in the Urban Hierarchy     127
Sex Differentials in Industrial Skills and Wages     129
The Hierarchy of Race and Sex     135
The Status of White Collar Workers     139
From Village to Town
The Lure of the Towns     145
The Value of Subsistence Production     148
Subsistence Activities in Urban Areas     155
Urban Job Opportunities for Women     162
The Two Steps in Economic Development     164
The Impact of Tradition and of Imported Culture Patterns     167
The Pattern of Migration and of Female Work     171
The Arab and the Latin American Patterns     174
The South East Asian Pattern     176
The African Pattern     178
The Unemployment Scare     182
Employment Opportunities in Rural Areas     185
The Urban Labour Market     189
Education as a Cause of Unemployment     191
The Cost of Urbanization     194
The Strategy of Development Planning     196
The Design of Female Education     199
The Productivity of Female Labour     200
The Escape from Competition     202
Training for the Modern Sector     208
A New Pattern for the Future     211
Appendix Tables     214
Notes to Tables and Figures     248
List of Works Cited     251
Author Index     264
Subject Index     267