| Preface to This Edition | vii |
| Introduction: The Rediscovery of Africa | xiii |
| 1 | The Peopling of Ancient Africa | 1 |
| 1 | The Possibility of African History | 3 |
| 2 | Lines of Migration | 7 |
| 3 | The Desert Barrier | 12 |
| 4 | Giants and Heroes | 16 |
| 2 | The Mystery of Meroe | 23 |
| 1 | Lords of the Southern Frontier | 25 |
| 2 | Egypt, Libya, Kush | 34 |
| 3 | Meroe | 36 |
| 4 | The Triumph of Kush | 40 |
| 5 | An Athens in Africa? | 47 |
| 3 | Kingdoms of the Old Sudan | 51 |
| 1 | Early West Africa: Discoveries at Nok | 53 |
| 2 | From Kush and Carthage | 59 |
| 3 | The Coming of Iron | 64 |
| 4 | "Business with the King of Timbuktu" | 71 |
| 5 | Ghana | 81 |
| 6 | Mali | 90 |
| 7 | Songhay | 98 |
| 8 | The Sao and Kanem | 104 |
| 9 | In Darfur | 108 |
| 10 | Eclipse and Survival | 117 |
| 4 | Between the Niger and the Congo | 125 |
| 1 | Beyond the Savannah | 127 |
| 2 | The Great Distortion | 130 |
| 3 | Benin | 139 |
| 4 | Unity in Diversity | 143 |
| 5 | To the Southward | 149 |
| 1 | The Southern Zanj | 151 |
| 2 | Discoveries at Kalambo | 159 |
| 3 | The Foundations of Southern Civilization | 163 |
| 6 | Traders of the Indian Ocean | 169 |
| 1 | Sheba's Cities | 171 |
| 2 | Sailing Down Africa | 174 |
| 3 | The Nature of the Trade | 178 |
| 4 | China and Africa | 181 |
| 7 | Fair Cities of Stone | 193 |
| 1 | A Forgotten Civilization | 195 |
| 2 | Arab or African? | 202 |
| 3 | Steps to the Interior | 211 |
| 8 | After Axum | 213 |
| 1 | The Greatness of Ethiopia | 215 |
| 2 | Engaruka | 224 |
| 3 | The Distant Past of East Africa | 228 |
| 4 | Inland History | 231 |
| 5 | Who Were the "Azanians"? | 233 |
| 9 | The Builders of the South | 241 |
| 1 | "An Exceeding Great Country" | 243 |
| 2 | Zimbabwe | 246 |
| 3 | King Solomon's Mines? | 250 |
| 4 | Verdict from the Evidence | 254 |
| 5 | Medieval Rhodesia | 259 |
| 6 | The Golden Burials of Mapungubwe | 264 |
| 7 | In the Old Transvaal | 269 |
| 8 | Niekerk and Inyanga: Forts and Terraces | 274 |
| 10 | The Reality Behind the Ruins | 285 |
| 1 | Some Points of Comparison | 287 |
| 2 | A Period of Greatness | 293 |
| 3 | The Bud and the Flower | 299 |
| 4 | What Is Now Required | 307 |
| 11 | Decline and Fall | 313 |
| 1 | The Fabric of Society | 315 |
| 2 | Nomads at the Gate | 321 |
| 3 | The Gate Flung Open | 324 |
| 12 | History Begins Anew | 333 |
| General Bibliography | 339 |
| Index | 359 |
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