| Preface | ix |
| General Introduction | 1 |
| Section I | The Distribution of Income and Wealth | 17 |
| Introduction | 17 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 1. | The Libertarian Manifesto | 23 |
| 2. | Radical Egalitarianism | 32 |
| 3. | A Social Contract Perspective | 42 |
| 4. | From Liberty to Equality | 54 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 5. | Wyman, Commissioner of New York Department of Social Services v. James | 61 |
| 6. | Plyler v. Doe | 64 |
| Section II | Near and Distant Peoples | 71 |
| Introduction | 74 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 7. | Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor | 77 |
| 8. | The Solution to World Poverty | 84 |
| 9. | Impartiality, Beneficience, and Friendship | 88 |
| 10. | Morality, Parents, and Children | 93 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 11. | The Food-Aid Racket | 101 |
| 12. | Some Moral Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid | 104 |
| Section III | Abortion and Euthanasia | 111 |
| Introduction | 111 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 13. | A Defense of Abortion | 117 |
| 14. | Why Abortion Is Immoral | 125 |
| 15. | On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion | 129 |
| 16. | A Feminist Defense of Abortion | 139 |
| 17. | Euthanasia, Killing, and Letting Die | 145 |
| 18. | The Intentional Termination of Life | 155 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 19. | Planned Parenthood v. Casey | 160 |
| 20. | Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health | 166 |
| Section IV | Sex Equality | 171 |
| Introduction | 171 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 21. | Justice and Gender | 175 |
| 22. | Feminist Justice and the Family | 186 |
| 23. | Philosophers against the Family | 192 |
| 24. | They Lived Happily Ever After: Sommers on Women and Marriage | 198 |
| 25. | Is Male Power Really a Myth? | 205 |
| 26. | Why So Slow? | 214 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 27. | Bill of Rights | 226 |
| 28. | The Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action | 227 |
| Section V | Affirmative Action | 231 |
| Introduction | 231 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 29. | The Case against Affirmative Action | 233 |
| 30. | The Case against Pojman | 246 |
| 31. | Affirmative Racism | 251 |
| 32. | The Case for Affirmative Action | 258 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 33. | Hopwood v. Texas | 262 |
| 34. | The Case against Hopwood | 268 |
| Section VI | Sexual Harassment | 277 |
| Introduction | 277 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 35. | Understanding Sexual Harassment at Work | 280 |
| 36. | Exaggerating the Extent of Sexual Harassment | 289 |
| 37. | Sexual Harassment in the University | 293 |
| 38. | Understanding, Explaining, and Eliminating Sexual Harassment | 302 |
| Practical Application | |
| 39. | Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc. | 314 |
| Section VII | Pornography | 317 |
| Introduction | 317 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 40. | Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech | 320 |
| 41. | Feminists against the First Amendment | 331 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 42. | American Booksellers v. Hudnutt | 337 |
| 43. | Donald Victor Butler v. Her Majesty the Queen | 344 |
| Section VIII | Hate Speech | 351 |
| Introduction | 351 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 44. | No Speech Code | 354 |
| 45. | Speech Codes and Diversity | 357 |
| 46. | Regulating Racial Speech on Campus | 358 |
| 47. | The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the "Hate Speech" Debate | 376 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 48. | Curry v. Stanford | 384 |
| 49. | Policy Statement: Free Speech and Bias on College Campuses | 391 |
| Section IX | Gay and Lesbian Rights | 395 |
| Introduction | 395 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 50. | Homosexual Conduct Is Wrong | 398 |
| 51. | Homosexual Conduct Is Not Wrong | 400 |
| 52. | Prejudice and Homosexuality | 402 |
| 53. | Homosexuality's Legal Revolution | 409 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 54. | Baker v. Vermont | 418 |
| Section X | Gun Control | 425 |
| Introduction | 425 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 55. | Protection or Peril? An Analysis of Firearm-Related Deaths in the Home | 427 |
| 56. | Armed Resistance to Crime | 430 |
| 57. | Guns in America | 435 |
| 58. | Crime Is Not the Problem | 439 |
| 59. | American Homicide Exceptionalism | 450 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 60. | The Brady Bill | 463 |
| Section XI | Animal Liberation and Environmental Justice | 469 |
| Introduction | 469 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 61. | All Animals Are Equal | 474 |
| 62. | Ethical Vegetarianism Is Unfair to Women and Children | 484 |
| 63. | The Ethics of Respect for Nature | 492 |
| 64. | Environmental Justice | 504 |
| 65. | The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism | 510 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 66. | From the Animal Welfare Act | 518 |
| 67. | Amendments to the Animal Welfare Act | 519 |
| 68. | Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill | 520 |
| Section XII | Punishment and Responsibility | 525 |
| Introduction | 525 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 69. | The Crime of Punishment | 530 |
| 70. | A Utilitarian Theory of Punishment | 537 |
| 71. | A Critique of the Humanitarian Theory of Punishment | 542 |
| 72. | Classical Retributivism | 546 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 73. | Deterrence and Uncertainty | 554 |
| 74. | Civilization, Safety, and Deterrence | 556 |
| 75. | Gregg v. Georgia | 559 |
| Section XIII | War and Humanitarian Intervention | 567 |
| Introduction | 567 |
| Alternative Views | |
| 76. | Reconciling Pacifists and Just War Theorists | 572 |
| 77. | The Politics of Rescue | 579 |
| 78. | The Futility of U.S. Intervention in Regional Conflicts | 585 |
| Practical Applications | |
| 79. | Peacekeeping, Intervention, and National Sovereignty in Internal Armed Conflict | 590 |
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