Table of Contents
Medical Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
Part One: General Anatomy
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Internal Organs
Skin, Hair and Nail Anatomy
Part Two: General Ailments
Cardiovascular System Issues
-Cardiovascular Disease
-Cholesterol
-Hypertension
-Heart Attack
-Stroke
Digestive System Issues
-Heartburn
-Inflammatory Bowel Disease
-Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Endocrine System Issues
-Type 1 Diabetes
-Type 2 Diabetes
Immune Sytem Issues
-Allergies
-Lupus
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
Nervous System Issues
-Migraine Headaches
-Multiple Sclerosis
Respiratory System Issues
-Asthma
Urinary System Issues
-Urinary Incontinence
-Urinary Tract Infection
Part Three: Reproductive Health
Reproductive Anatomy & the Menstrual Cycle
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Benign Breast Lumps
Endometriosis
Fertility
Pregnancy
Labor and Birth
Menopause: Related to Reproductive Health
Ovarian Cyst
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STDs)
Vaginitis
Part Four: Cancers
Understanding Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Lung Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Skin Cancer
Part Five: Healthy Aging
Alzheimer's Disease
Cataracts and Macular Degeneration
Menopause
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Part Six: Emotional Wellness
Generalized Anxiety, Panic and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
Depression
Postpartum Depression
Part Seven: Healthy Lifestyles
Physical Activity
Dangers of Excess Weight
Diet and Nutrition
Dangers of Alcohol
Dangers of Smoking
Glossary
References
On-line Sources of Information
Credits
Read an Excerpt
Type 2 Diabetes Chaper
About 17 million people*6.2 percent of the U.S. population*have
been
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that another 5.9
million
Americans have type 2 diabetes but have not yet been diagnosed1.
Heart disease rates are three to seven times higher among women ages 45
to
64 who have diabetes than in healthy women in the same age range2.
BRIEF DEFINITION
Type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs when the body's cells
develop a resistance
to the insulin and/or when there is a decrease in
insulin secretion. Insulin
is needed to transport glucose from the
bloodstream to the cells in order to
supply energy to the body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the far more common type
of diabetes. About
90-95 percent of women with diabetes have Type 2
diabetes3. It develops
primarily in adults, but can also occur in
children.
People with Type 2 diabetes form an insulin deficiency (lack of
insulin)
and/or an insulin resistance (inability to use your own insulin),
which
causes glucose (blood sugar) to build up in the bloodstream,
causing
complications in many parts of the body.
RISK FACTORS
Type 2 diabetes often develops in adults and children who are
obese. Other
risk factors include:
-A family history of diabetes.
-Native American, Hispanic American, or African American race or
ethnicity.
-A history of diabetes during pregnancy (known as gestational
diabetes).
-An inactive lifestyle.
-Age (older people are more at risk for
Type 2 diabetes).
-Pre-diabetes-blood glucose levels that are higher than
normal but not yet
high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include:
-Frequent
urination.
-Excessive thirst.
-Extreme hunger.
-Weight loss despite
increased appetite.
-Sudden blurred vision.
-Fatigue.
-Very dry
skin.
-Numbness, tingling, or pain in the legs, feet, or
fingers.
-Frequent infections of the vagina, bladder, or skin.
-Sores that
heal slowly.
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
Measures to help prevent Type 2 diabetes
include:
-Maintain a healthy weight.
-Eat a high-fiber, low-fat,
low-cholesterol diet.
-Exercise regularly: 30 minutes of moderate physical
activity on most, if
not all days.
Experts recommend that adults age 45 and older be tested for
diabetes.
People in high-risk groups should be tested earlier.
For people already diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, treatment is focused
on
keeping the level of blood sugar (glucose) within a normal range.
The
following are key components of a Type 2 diabetes control strategy:
-Meal plan to control weight, glucose levels and cholesterol.
-Blood sugar monitoring to control the disease and prevent
diabetic
emergencies.
-Oral diabetes medications to improve insulin
release, reducing glucose
and/or decrease insulin resistance.
-Exercise
plan to maintain a fit body, lower blood glucose, improve
cholesterol levels,
and increase insulin sensitivity.
-Regular doctor checkups.
Sources:
1. National Diabetes Clearinghouse, 2002.
2. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 2001.
3. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2001.