Winning Chess Strategies by Yasser Seirawan, Jeremy Silman

A
Accumulation Theory, 200
activating
    bad Bishops, 51
    pieces with sacrifice, 105, 107
active, 237
    Bishops, 51
    vs. inactive pieces, 30
advancing pawns, 105
    drawbacks, 112
advantages
    appropriate vs. inappropriate, 186
    definition, 5, 237
    favoring Bishops, 83
    material (force), 2, 5, 7
        in endgames, 169
        endgames with, 20
        on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173
        rules for, 12
        strategies, 8
        throwing away, 14
        trading with, 15, 20, 26
    pawn structure, 5
    piece mobility, 5
    reality of, 6
    safe King, 5
    space (territory), 5, 149
        in center, 87
        on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172
    static vs. dynamic, 5
    time vs. material, 17
Alekhine, Alexander, 60, 115, 210-211, 225
Alekhine Defense, 214
Alekhine's Gun, 61
algebraic chess notation, 237, 241
analysis, 237
annotation, 237
attacking
    pawn chains, 81, 120
    weak pawns, 128
attacks, 238
    discovered, 240
    double, 240
    King, 167
        and castling, 168
        conditions for, 167
        and lead in development, 168-169
        of necessity, 177
        with Queen, 76
    minority, 130, 132, 178
    one-piece, 77
    premature, 187

B
Back Rank Mate, 59, 119, 243
backward pawns, 33
bad Bishops, 50
    activating, 51
    example, 62
    trading, 53, 55
ballast, 10, 170
Bishops, 48
    active, 51
    advantages that favor, 83
    bad, 50
        activating, 51
        examples, 62
        trading, 53, 55
    and closed diagonals, 42, 50
    and control of squares, 48
    in endgames with passed pawns, 83
    fianchettoed, 241
        example, 136
    getting outside pawn chain, 52, 55
    good, 49
        example, 62
    inactive, 42
    vs. Knights, 38, 41, 53, 79
        strategies, 79
    moving pawns out of way of, 52
    and open diagonals, 46, 49
    and open positions, 79
    opposite-colored, 245
    pair of, 238
    and wrong-colored Rook-pawn draw, 48
blockaders, 42
blockades, x, 238
blocking
    passed pawns with Knights, 109
    with pawns, 100
blunders, 238
board
    closing section of, 32
    opening up, 7
book, 238
Botvinnik Formation, 87
Botvinnik, Mikhail, 58, 219, 225
breakthrough, 238
Browne, Walter, 136

C
calculation, 4, 238
Capablanca, José. Raúl, 117, 205, 210
capturing
    en passant, rule, 241
    squares, 136
Caro-Kann Defense, 240
castling
    and King attacks, 168
    kingside, 238
    for King's safety, example, 23
    purpose of, 238
    queenside, 238
    rule, 238
center, 239
    closed, attacking with pawns, 140
    dominating with pawns, 157
    open, and Kings, 67
    pawns, weak, 162
cheap shots, 20
check
    discovered, 240
    double, 240
    perpetual, 245, 249
        example of avoiding, 21
checkmate, 239
    smothered, 248
chess
    advantages. See advantages
    as art, ix, 29
    notation, 237
    as sport, ix, 29
    as team effort, 138
    as tool, 1
    as warfare, 13
Classical, 239
closed
    centers, attacking with pawns, 140
    diagonals, and Bishops, 50
    games, 239
    lines, for defense, 139
    positions, and Knights, 42, 79, 87
closing
    lines to pieces, 17
    section of board, 32
color, control, 90
combination, 239
complacency, effect of, 189
connected passed pawns, 239
control
    of 7th rank, 58
    color, 90
    of space, 44, 149
    of squares, 39, 44, 136, 141
        by Bishops, 48
        with pawns, 100
        by Queens, 72
counterplay, x, 25, 239
    in response to King attack, 167
    trading to restrict, 128
cramping positions, 239
critical position, 240
critical thinking, 3
    examples, 21, 26

D
decisions, based on emotions, 193
defending, in the opening
    Caro-Kann Defense, 240
    French Defense, 240, 250
    Two Knights' Defense, 250
defenses, definition, 240, 243
deficit, material
    in endgame, 7
    and lead in development, 16
    in middlegame, 7
development, 8
    definition, 8, 240
    getting hung up on, 188
    importance of, 8, 15
    lead in
        and King attacks, 169
        and material deficit, 16
        as signal for King attack, 168, 174
    and Rooks, 57
    sacrificing for, 21
diagonals
    closed, and Bishops, 42, 50
    open, and Bishops, 46, 49
discovered
    attack, 240
    check, 240
double
    attack, 240
        examples, 11, 28, 50
    check, 240
doubled
    pawns, example, 130
doubling, 59
    example, 66
draws
    definition, 240
    by perpetual check, ex- ample of avoiding, 21
    stalemate, 248
    three-time repetition of position, 249
    wrong-colored Rook-pawn, 48
Dutch Defense, 43

E
Elo, Arpad, 241
Elo rating, 241
emotions
    as basis for decisions, 193
    precautions against, 197
endgames
    definition, 241
    and Kings, 68
    Kings in, 84
    material advantage in, 8, 20, 169
    material deficit in, 7
    with passed pawns, Bishops in, 83
    and pawn majorities, 117
en passant, rule, 241
equality, 241
Euwe, Max, 4, 211
Evans, Larry, 4
Exchange, The, 31, 106, 241
exchanging, 241. See also trading

F
fear, effect of, 194
Fédération International des Échecs (FIDE), 1, 222, 241
fianchettoed Bishops, 241
    example, 136
files, 241
    half-open, 242
    open, 244
        importance of, 62
        and Rooks, 44, 58
Fischer, Bobby, 28, 33, 54, 62, 75, 122, 137, 221, 226
five R's, 2
flanks, 241
flexibility, importance of, 167
force, x, 8
    advantage in, 5
    See also material
forced, 242
forfeiting, 247
forks, example, 11, 21, 57, 106
French Defense, 240, 250

G
gambits, 242
games
    closed, 239
    open, 244
good Bishops, 49
    example, 62
Grandmaster (GM), 242
Grünfeld Defense, 162

H
half-open files, 242
hanging, 242
holes, 136, 242
Hooper, David, 4
hypermodern, 243
Hypermodernism, 214

I
inattention, the effect of, 26-27
initiative, 239, 243
international chess federation. See Fédération International des Échecs
International Master (IM), 242
interposition, 243
intuition, 243
isolated pawns. See pawn islands; pawns, isolated

K
Karpov, Anatoly, 9, 86, 136, 190, 221
Kasparov, Garry, 222, 225
King, 64
    attacks, 167
        and castling, 168
        conditions for, 167
        and lead in development, 168-169
        of necessity, 177
    avoiding open centers, 67
    in endgames, 68, 84
    making use of, 65
    pawn protection around, 17
    safe, 5, 10, 65, 76
        castling for, 23
        example, 32
    threats to, 26
kingside, 243
Knights, 37
    on 1st rank, 133
    on 1st and 2nd ranks, 38
    on 3rd rank, 40
    on 4th rank, 40
    on 5th rank, 41
    on 6th rank, 41
    vs. Bishops, 38, 41, 53, 79
    as blockaders, 109
    and closed positions, 42, 79, 87
    and pawns
        locked, 42
        passed, 42
    strategies, 86
    and support points, 38, 82, 86, 136

L
Larsen, Jorgen, 70
Lasker, Emanuel, 99, 201, 205, 210, 225
laziness, effect of, 192, 208
lead in development
    and material deficit, 16
    as signal for King attack, 174
lines, opening and closing, 17
locked pawns, and Knights, 42
luft, x, 243

M
major pieces, 243
majorities
    pawn, 111, 114
        in endgames, 117
        relative importance of, 115
        trading to enhance, 117
Marshall, Frank, 117, 210
Master, 243
mate, 243
material, x, 8, 244
    advantage, 2, 5, 7, 237
        in endgame, 8, 20, 169
        on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173
        rules for, 12
        and sacrifices, 10
        strategies, 8
        throwing away, 14
        vs. time advantage, 17
        trading with, 15, 20, 26
    deficit, and lead in development, 16
    definition, 244
    making good use of, 8
    point count system, definition, 246
middlegame, 244
    material deficit in, 7
minor pieces, 244
minority attacks, 132, 178
    strategy, 130
mistakes, 185
mobility, 244
    of pieces, 5
moves
    quiet, 247
    speculative, 248

N
Nimzovich, Aaron, 58, 214, 238
notation, 237

O
occupying squares, 244
odds
    Queen, 14
    Queen-Knight, 16
open
    centers, and Kings, 67
    diagonals, and Bishops, 46, 49
    files, 244
        importance of, 62
        and Rooks, 44, 58
    games, 243
    lines, for attack, 139
    positions, 244
        and Bishops, 79
opening
    board, 7
    creating open files for Rooks in, 61
    definition, 244
    gambits, 242
    lines for pieces, 17
    moves, 244
openings
    Alekhine Defense, 214
    Botvinnik Formation, 87
    Caro-Kann Defense, 240
    Dutch Defense, 43
    French Defense, 240, 250
    Grünfeld Defense, 162
    Petroff Defense, 62
    Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178
        Tartakower Variation, 223
    Ruy López, 145
    Scotch Opening, 73
    Semi-Slav Defense, 219
    Sicilian Defense, 62
        Nimzovich Variation, 214
    Tarrasch Opening, 206
    Two Knights' Defense, 250
opposite-colored Bishops, 245
overconfidence, effect of, 27, 189, 195
overextending, 245
Over-protection, 214
owning, squares, 137

P
passed pawns, See pawns, passed
pawn
    center, defending against, 162
    chains
        attacking, 81, 120
        example, 51
        getting Bishops outside, 52, 55
    islands, 120
        avoiding, 121
        creating for opponent, 122-123
        weakness of, 120
    majorities, 111, 114
        in endgames, 117
        relative importance of, 115
        trading to enhance, 117
    protection around King, 17
    sacrifices, 105, 179
        vacating squares with, 108
    storm, 178, 187
    strategies, 99
    structure, x, 5, 99
        as protection, 22
pawns
    advancing, 105
        drawbacks, 112
    backward, 33
    blocking with, 100
    capturing en passant, 241
    and closed centers, 140
    connected passed, 239
    dominating center with, 157
    doubled
        definition, 240
        example, 130
    hanging, 242
    isolated, 120 (see also pawn islands)
    locked, and Knights, 42
    moving out of way of Bishops, 52
    passed, 26, 114
        blocking with Knights, 109
        definition, 245
        and Knights, 42
    placement of, 99
    promoting, 26, 109, 246
    protected passed, 246
    restraining opponent with, 103
    restricting opponent with, 101
    and space (territory), 149
    stopping, 238
    underpromoting, 250
    weak, 127
        examples, 35
perpetual checks. See check, perpetual
Petroff Defense, 62
Petrosian, Tigran, 31, 43, 81, 218
Philidor, Andr. , 99
philosophies
    Classical, 239
    Hypermodernism, 243
piece, mobility, 5
pieces
    and control of squares, 44
    major, 243
    minor, 79, 244
    opening lines for, 17
    using all, 13, 63
    value of, viii-ix, 79
    where they go, 37
pigs on 7th, 63, 246
pins, example, 11, 6061, 246
placement of pawns, 99
plans, 246
players, psychological state of, 7, 26-27, 177, 194
playing
    for cheap shot, 20
    styles, 248
        positional, 246
        romantic, 247
point count system, 246
points, 246
    support for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136
Portisch, Lajos, 34
positional chess, x, 4
positions
    assessing, 160
    closed, 239
    cramping, 239
    open, 244
    simplifying, 247
postmortem. See analysis
Potter, William, 14
premature attacks, 187
prepared variations, 246
preventing, opponent's moves, 140
principles of chess, x, 8, 242
promoting pawns, 26, 109, 246
prophylaxis, 214, 218, 223
protected passed pawns, 246
protecting
    King, 17
    Queen, 72
psychology, state of players, 7, 26-27, 177, 194

Q
Queen, 72
    and control of squares, 72
    in King attacks, 76
    protecting, 72
    risking, 75
    trading, example, 156
Queen odds, 14
queening. See pawns, promoting
Queen-Knight odds, 16
Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178
    Tartakower Variation , 223
queenside, 246

R
R's, five, 2
rabioso, 72
ranks, 247
    1st and 2nd, Knights on, 38, 133
    3rd, Knights on, 40
    4th, Knights on, 40
    5th, Knights on, 41
    6th, Knights on, 41
    7th, Rooks on, 25, 58, 116
rating, 247
    system, 241
resigning, how to, 247
restraining, opponent with pawns, 103
restricting
    counterplay by trading, 128
    opponent with pawns, 101
romantic, 247
Rook-pawns, wrong-colored draw, 48
Rooks, 57
    on 7th rank, 25, 116
        doubled, 63
    connecting, 74
    and development, 57
    and open files, 44, 58
Rubinstein, Akiba, 69, 205
Rubinstein Year, 205
rules
    of chess, ix
    for material advantage, 12
Ruy L˘pez Opening, 145

S
sacrifices
    definition, 247
    for development, 21
    with material advantage, 10
    to open lines, 17
    pawn, 105, 179
        vacating square with, 108
safety, of King, 5, 10, 65, 76
    castling for, 23
    example, 32
science of chess, ix
Scotch Opening, 73
Seirawan method, 8
Semi-Slav Defense, 219
Short, Nigel, 94
Sicilian Defense, 62
    Nimzovich Variation, 214
simplifying. See trading
smothered mate, 248
space, x, 149
    advantage, 5, 149, 237
        avoiding trading with, 150, 151
        in center, 87
        on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172
    control of, 44, 149
    count system, 248
    dangers of giving up, 154
    definition, 248
    on wings, 150
Spassky, Boris, 31, 70, 219, 223
sport of chess. See chess
squares
    capturing, 136
    controlling, 39, 44, 136, 141
        with Bishops, 48
        with Queen, 72
        with pawns, 100
    creating, 136
    lines of, 144
    occupying, 244
    owning, 137
    weak, 135
        caused by pawn advance, 113
stalemate, 248
Steinitz, Wilhelm, 145, 199, 214
storm, pawn, 187
strategies
    Bishops against Knights, 79
    built around targets, 12
    closing lines for defense, 139
    defense against pawn center, 162
    faulty, 185
    King attacks, 167
    Knights against Bishops, 86
    material advantage, 8
    minority attack, 130
    opening lines for attack, 139
    pawn
        domination in center, 157
        island, 120
        promotion, 109, 114
        sacrifices, 105
        weak, 127
    psychological, 180
    space, 150
    squares, weak, 135, 141
    targets, 127
    trading with material advantage, 20
    using pawns to block and restrict, 100
    weak
        pawn, 127
        squares, 135, 141
strategy, 3, 248
    vs. calculation, 4
    definition, 4
    importance of, 1
    masters of, 199
    vs. tactics, x, 4
structure, pawn, 5, 99
style. See playing styles
support points for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136

T
tactics, ix, 26
    definition, 248
    overlooking possibilities for, 192
Tal, Mikhail, 225
targets, 45
    creating, 104, 127
    ideal, 13
    pawn center, 162
    role in strategy, 12
Tarrasch Opening, 206
team effort, 138
    example, 171
tempi, 249
tempo, 249
territory, 149. See also space
terror, effect of, 194
theory, 249
three-time repetition of position, 249
throwing away, material advantage, 14
tied games. See draws
time, x, 8
    advantage vs. material advantage, 17
    controls, 249
    definition, 249
    limits, 249
    loss of, 249
    pressure, 249
trading, 241
    avoiding, 59, 110, 178
        to maintain space ad-vantage, 150
        with space advantage, 151
    bad Bishops, 53, 55
    to enhance pawn majority, 117
    inactive pieces for active ones, 30
    with material advantage, 8, 15, 20, 26
    Queen, example, 156
    to restrict counterplay, 128
    to weaken opponent, 29
transposing, 250
traps, 250
tripling, example, 61
Two Knghts' Defense, 250

V
vacating squares with sacrifice, 108
value of pieces, ix, 8, 79
variations
    calculating, 238
    definition, 250
    prepared, 246

W
weak
    pawns, 127
        examples, 35
    points, 127
    squares, 135
        caused by pawn advance, 113
        creating, 136
        lines of, 144
weaknesses, 250
    exploiting, 127
Whyld, Kenneth, 4
World Champions, rating, 240

Z
zugzwang, 61, 250
zwischenzug, 250
    eXample, 216