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Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Unleashed (Unleashed Ser.) by Rand Morimoto, Jeff Guillet
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- Pub. Date: August 2008
- 460pp
- Sales Rank: 346,056
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Product Details
- Pub. Date: August 2008
- Publisher: Sams
- Format: Paperback, 460pp
- Sales Rank: 346,056
- Series: Unleashed Series
- ISBN-13: 9780672330285
- ISBN: 0672330288
Synopsis
Using the Hyper-V virtualization capabilities built into Windows Server 2008, organizations can slash costs for power, space, and maintenance, and dramatically improve IT flexibility at the same time. This is the first book to offer comprehensive, independent, real-world coverage of planning, designing, implementing, and supporting Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V virtualization environments. Authored by Rand Morimoto and Jeff Guillet–top consultants of Microsoft technologies with unsurpassed experience deploying Hyper-V in enterprise organizations–this book delivers start-to-finish guidance for every facet of your virtualization initiative.
Leverage the experience from hundreds of real world implementations of Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in your deployment of a virtualized server environment
- Implement best practices for planning, prototyping, and deploying Hyper-V–including strategies, processes, and templates
- Install and configure Windows 2008 Server with Windows Hyper-V Services
- Provide guest operating systems ranging from Windows 2003 Server to Linux
- Administer Hyper-V Host Servers as standalone hosts or in multiple host environments
- Optimize Hyper-V Host Server and guest sessions, by efficiently allocating memory, processors,
- disk space, and other resources
- Move from basic server virtualization to a systematically managed virtual enterprise environment
- Use Virtual Machine Manager 2008 to centrally monitor all your Hyper-V hosts and guest sessions
- Quickly provision new guest images wherever and whenever you need them
- Implement reliable failover processes to overcomefailures in guest sessions, host systems, or sites
- Troubleshoot problems with both Hyper-V hosts and guest operating systems
Biography
Rand Morimoto, Ph.D., MCSE, CISSP, has been in the computer industry for more than 30 years and has authored, co-authored, or been a contributing writer for dozens of bestselling books on Windows 2008, Exchange 2007, Security, BizTalk Server, and remote and mobile computing. Rand is the president of Convergent Computing, an IT consulting firm in the San Francisco Bay Area that was one of the key early adopter program partners with Microsoft implementing beta versions of Windows Server 2008 in production environments over 3 years before the product release. Rand has spoken at more than 50 conferences and conventions around the world in the past year on tips, tricks, and best practices on planning, migrating, and implementing Windows 2008 Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008.
Jeff Guillet, MCITP, MCSE, CISSP, has been in the computer industry for more than 25 years and has been a contributing writer and technical editor for several books on Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Exchange 2007, and Exchange 2003. Jeff is a senior consultant for Convergent Computing and participates in many early adopter beta programs. Jeff holds Charter MCITP: Enterprise Administrator and MCITP: Enterprise Messaging Administrator certifications for Windows Server 2008 and has maintained MCSE certifications since 1999. He maintains a popular technical blog at www.expta.com.
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September 13, 2008: As the cost of data centres continues to rise, companies are searching for ways to more efficiently use their machines. Here Microsoft offers its take, with the book describing how under its MS Windows Server 2008, you can use the Hyper-V virtualisation. The product is not really targeted at the individual home user. You can see this in the second chapter, which is devoted to a high level discussion of the business rationale for a corporate installation of Hyper-V. Indeed, you should read this closely, for it explains in a top down manner why migration could make sense for your company. The rest of the book describes the actual installation and management of Hyper-V. Dealing with gritty and inevitable issues like keeping up with installing service packs and updates. Yes, there will be improvements and bug fixes to this product. Here, Microsoft has built in extensive capabilities for easy maintenance. Now what choices are available for the guest operating systems? Naturally, Microsoft offers its own OSs here. The text goes into some detail about how to install these. No surprise to you, I hope. But commendably, the book also explains how to install a linux based OS under Hyper-V. Reassuring to some sysadmins. A discerning reader might be a little queasy about the prospect of bugs in Hyper-V. Given that it functions as a 'root' operating system (so to speak), a bug in it could be worse than a bug in a child guest operating system that you install inside Hyper-V. But with any virtualisation product, this is the reality that you have to deal with. In this wise, Hyper-V is not at any particular disadvantage vis-a-vis competing products.
From the Publisher
Using the Hyper-V virtualization capabilities built into Windows Server 2008, organizations can slash costs for power, space, and maintenance, and dramatically improve IT flexibility at the same time. This is the first book to offer comprehensive, independent, real-world coverage of planning, designing, implementing, and supporting Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V virtualization environments. Authored by Rand Morimoto and Jeff Guillet–top consultants of Microsoft technologies with unsurpassed experience deploying Hyper-V in enterprise organizations–this book delivers start-to-finish guidance for every facet of your virtualization initiative.
Leverage the experience from hundreds of real world implementations of Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in your deployment of a virtualized server environment
- Implement best practices for planning, prototyping, and deploying Hyper-V–including strategies, processes, and templates
- Install and configure Windows 2008 Server with Windows Hyper-V Services
- Provide guest operating systems ranging from Windows 2003 Server to Linux
- Administer Hyper-V Host Servers as standalone hosts or in multiple host environments
- Optimize Hyper-V Host Server and guest sessions, by efficiently allocating memory, processors,
- disk space, and other resources
- Move from basic server virtualization to a systematically managed virtual enterprise environment
- Use Virtual Machine Manager 2008 to centrally monitor all your Hyper-V hosts and guest sessions
- Quickly provision new guest images wherever and whenever you need them
- Implement reliable failover processes to overcomefailures in guest sessions, host systems, or sites
- Troubleshoot problems with both Hyper-V hosts and guest operating systems
Loading...Product Details
- Pub. Date: August 2008
- Publisher: Sams
- Format: Paperback, 460pp
- Sales Rank: 346,056
- Series: Unleashed Series
- ISBN-13: 9780672330285
- ISBN: 0672330288
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Part I Windows 2008 Hyper-V Overview
1 Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Technology Primer 7
What Is Server Virtualization and Microsoft Hyper-V?............................ 7
Virtualization as an IT Organization Strategy................................ 8
Microsoft Hyper-V Server as a Role in Windows Server 2008............ 8
Choosing to Virtualize Servers.......................................................... 11
Virtualization for Test and Development Environments................ 11
Virtualization for Server Consolidation...................................... 11
Virtualization as a Strategy for Disaster Recovery and High
Availability.......................................................................... 12
Understanding Microsoft’s Virtualization Strategy................................ 13
Acquisition of Virtual PC......................................................... 13
Microsoft Virtual Server........................................................... 13
Virtual Server 2005................................................................. 14
Virtual Server 2005 R2............................................................. 14
Integration of Hypervisor Technology in Windows Server 2008...... 15
What’s New in Hyper-V................................................................... 15
New Features That Provide Better Virtual Host Capabilities............ 16
New Features That Provide Better Administration Support............. 16
New Features That Provide Better Guest Support.......................... 17
New Features That Provide Better Reliability Capabilities............... 18
Determining What Is Needed to Virtualize Servers............................... 19
Versions of Windows Server 2008 That Host Hyper-V................... 19
Versions of Guest Sessions Supported Under Hyper-V................... 23
Guest Session Integration Support Tools..................................... 27
The Right Time to Implement Hyper-V.............................................. 27
Adding a Hyper-V Host Server in an Existing Active Directory
2000/2003 Environment........................................................ 28
Waiting to Fully Implement Windows 2008 in the Environment.... 29
Migrating from Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 and VMware................... 29
Mounting Existing Virtual Guest Images on Hyper-V.................... 29
Performing a Virtual to Virtual Migration of Guest Images............ 30
Using VMM to Manage VMware Virtual Infrastructure 3............... 30
Understanding the Administration of Virtual Guest Sessions................. 31
Management Using the Hyper-V Administration Tool................... 31
Management Using the Virtual Machine Manager 2008 Tool......... 32
Management Using Thin Client Terminal Services....................... 32
Ensuring High Availability of a Hyper-V Host Server............................ 35
No Single Point of Failure in Clustering..................................... 35
Stretched Clusters for Hyper-V Hosts and Guests Across Sites......... 36
Leveraging Storage Area Networks for Virtual Hosts and Guests...... 36
Summary...................................................................................... 37
Best Practices................................................................................. 37
2 Best Practices at Planning, Prototyping, Migrating, and Deploying
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V 39
Determining the Scope of Your Project.............................................. 40
Identifying the Business Goals and Objectives to Implement Hyper-V
Virtualization.............................................................................. 40
High-Level Business Goals........................................................ 41
Business Unit or Departmental Goals......................................... 42
Identifying the Technical Goals and Objectives to Implement Hyper-V... 43
Defining the Scope of the Work................................................ 43
Determining the Time Frame for Implementation or Migration...... 45
Defining the Participants of the Design and Deployment Teams..... 47
The Discovery Phase: Understanding the Existing Environment............. 49
Understanding the Geographical Depth and Breadth.................... 50
Managing Information Overload............................................... 52
Assessing Applications for Resource Requirements........................ 52
The Design Phase: Documenting the Vision and the Plan..................... 53
Collaboration Sessions: Making the Design Decisions................... 53
Organizing Information for a Structured Design Document........... 54
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Design Decisions......................... 56
Agreeing on the Design........................................................... 56
The Migration Planning Phase: Documenting the Process for
Migration................................................................................... 57
Time for the Project Plan......................................................... 57
Speed Versus Risk................................................................... 58
Creating the Migration Document............................................ 59
The Prototype Phase: Creating and Testing the Plan............................. 63
How Do You Build the Lab?..................................................... 63
Results of the Lab Testing Environment..................................... 64
The Pilot Phase: Validating the Plan on an Initial Set of Servers............. 65
The First Server in the Pilot...................................................... 66
Rolling Out the Pilot Phase...................................................... 66
Fixing Problems in the Pilot Phase............................................ 67
Documenting the Results of the Pilot......................................... 67
The Migration/Implementation Phase: Conducting the Migration or
Installation................................................................................. 68
Verifying End-User Satisfaction................................................. 68
Supporting the New Virtualized Environment............................. 68
Summary...................................................................................... 68
Best Practices................................................................................. 69
The Discovery Phase............................................................... 70
The Design Phase................................................................... 70
The Migration Planning Phase.................................................. 71
The Prototype Phase............................................................... 71
The Pilot Phase...................................................................... 71
The Migration/Implementation Phase........................................ 71
3 Planning, Sizing, and Architecting a Hyper-V Environment 73
Logically Distributing Virtual Servers on Specific Host Systems.............. 73
Distributing Virtual Servers Based on Workload........................... 73
Distributing Virtual Servers Based on Redundancy....................... 75
Distributing Virtual Servers Based on Server Interrelationships....... 76
Distributing Virtual Servers Based on User Connectivity............... 76
Distributing Virtual Servers Across a WAN Connection................. 77
Choosing Servers to Virtualize.......................................................... 78
Prioritizing Servers to Virtualize................................................ 78
Candidates for Immediate Virtualization to Guest Sessions............ 78
Secondary Candidates for Virtualization to Guest Sessions............ 79
Servers That Need to Be Evaluated for Candidacy for
Virtualization...................................................................... 81
Capturing the Workload Demands of Existing Servers.......................... 82
Introducing the Microsoft Virtualization Solution Accelerator........ 82
Prerequisites for Installing the Microsoft VSA Tool....................... 82
Installing the Microsoft VSA Tool.............................................. 83
Setting Up the Microsoft VSA Tool to Capture Data for the
First Time............................................................................ 84
Choosing the Right Time Sequence to Capture Data..................... 88
Preparing a Server Consolidation Recommendation Report........... 89
Analyzing the Workload Demands of Existing Servers.......................... 90
Identify Servers That Are and Are Not Virtualization Candidates.... 92
Combining Virtual Server Workloads to Create Optimized
Host Servers......................................................................... 92
Choosing the Hyper-V Host System Environment................................ 92
Hyper-V on a Dedicated Host Server.......................................... 93
Hyper-V on a Blade Among Other Physical Servers....................... 93
Sizing a Hyper-V Host System Without Existing Guest Data.................. 93
Sizing Your Windows Server 2008 Server to Support
Virtualization...................................................................... 94
Running Other Services on the Hyper-V System.......................... 95
Planning for the Use of Snapshots on the Hyper-V System............ 95
Summary...................................................................................... 96
Best Practices................................................................................. 96
Part II Windows 2008 Hyper-V Host and Guest Installation
4 Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role 101
Planning and Preparing a Server Installation..................................... 101
Verifying Minimum Hardware Requirements............................. 102
Choosing the Appropriate Windows Edition............................. 102
Choosing a New Installation or an Upgrade.............................. 103
Full Version of Windows or Server Core Installation................... 103
Member Server or Standalone Server........................................ 104
Gathering the Information Necessary to Proceed........................ 104
Backing Up Files................................................................... 106
Installing a Clean Version of Windows Server 2008 Operating System... 107
1. Customizing the Language, Time, Currency, and Keyboard
Preferences........................................................................ 107
2. The Install Now Page......................................................... 108
3. Entering the Product Key.................................................... 108
4. Selecting the Type of Operating System to Install................... 108
5. Accepting the Terms of the Windows Server 2008 License........ 109
6. Selecting the Type of Windows Server 2008 Installation........... 109
7. Selecting the Location for the Installation............................. 109
8. Finalizing the Installation and Customizing the
Configuration.................................................................... 111
Installing the Hyper-V Server Role................................................... 115
Running Server Manager to Add the Hyper-V Role..................... 116
Understanding Server Core Installation............................................ 118
Performing a Server Core Installation....................................... 118
Performing Common Server Tasks with Server Core........................... 120
Launching the Command Prompt in a Server Core Installation.... 121
Changing the Server Core Administrator’s Password................... 121
Changing the Server Core Machine Name................................. 121
Assigning a Static IPV4 IP Address and DNS Settings................... 121
Adding the Server Core System to a Domain............................. 123
Enabling Remote Management and Remote Desktop to
Server Core........................................................................ 123
Rebooting and Shutting Down a Server Core System.................. 123
Installing Hyper-V Server Role on a Server Core System............... 123
Server Core Roles and Feature Installations............................... 124
Summary.................................................................................... 126
Best Practices............................................................................... 126
5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V 129
Choosing the Guest Session Operating System.................................. 129
Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session............... 130
Gathering the Components Needed for a Windows-Based Guest
Session.............................................................................. 130
Beginning the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session... 131
Completing the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest
Session.............................................................................. 134
Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session.................... 135
Gathering the Components Needed for a Linux-Based Guest
Session.............................................................................. 135
Beginning the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session........ 136
Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest
Session (x86)...................................................................... 137
Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest
Session (x64)...................................................................... 138
Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings................................ 139
Adding or Limiting the RAM of the Guest Session...................... 139
Changing Network Settings for the Guest Session....................... 140
Mounting a Physical CD/DVD Image or Mounting a CD/DVD
Image File.......................................................................... 140
Other Settings to Modify for a Guest Session Configuration......... 141
Launching a Hyper-V Guest Session................................................. 141
Automatically Launching a Guest Session................................. 141
Manually Launching a Guest Session....................................... 143
Save State of a Guest Session................................................... 143
Installing the Windows Guest Session Integration Tools...................... 143
Installing the Windows Integration Tools................................. 144
Using Snapshots of Guest Operating System Sessions.......................... 145
Snapshots for Image Rollback................................................. 145
Snapshots for Guest Session Server Fault Tolerance..................... 145
Creating a Snapshot of a Guest Image...................................... 146
Rolling Back a Guest Image to a Previous Snapshot Image........... 146
Reverting a Snapshot Session.................................................. 147
Summary.................................................................................... 147
Best Practices............................................................................... 147
Part III Administering and Maintaining Hyper-V Host Services
6 Managing, Administering, and Maintaining a Hyper-V Host Server 151
Becoming Familiar with the Hyper-V Administration Console.............. 152
Launching the Hyper-V Administration Console........................ 152
Using the Server Manager Tool to Manage Hyper-V Systems........ 152
Using the Hyper-V MMC Tool to Manage Hyper-V Systems......... 153
Connecting to a Different Virtual Server System........................ 154
Managing Windows Server 2008 Remotely....................................... 155
Remote Server Administration Tools........................................ 155
Remote Desktop................................................................... 159
Windows Remote Management............................................... 162
Managing Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk Settings..................... 163
Configuring Host Server Settings............................................. 163
Stopping the Hyper-V Service................................................. 165
Managing Virtual Network Segments with the Virtual Switch....... 165
Modifying Disk Settings and Configurations............................. 167
Inspect Disk......................................................................... 168
Using Common Practices for Securing and Managing a Hyper-V
Host Server................................................................................ 168
Identifying Security Risks....................................................... 168
Using System Center Operations Manager 2007 to Simplify
Management...................................................................... 169
Leveraging Windows Server 2008 Maintenance Practices............. 170
Specific Security Practices for Hyper-V Host Servers.................... 170
Keeping Up with Service Packs and Updates...................................... 172
Manual Update or CD-ROM Update......................................... 172
Automatic Updates............................................................... 174
Windows Server Update Services............................................. 176
Offline Virtual Machine Servicing Tool..................................... 177
Backing Up the Hyper-V Host and Guests......................................... 178
Installing Windows Server Backup........................................... 179
Scheduling a Backup Using Windows Server Backup and
Allocating Disks.................................................................. 182
Running a Manual Backup to a Remote Server Share.................. 184
Managing Backups Using the Command-Line Utility Wbadmin.exe...... 186
Viewing Backup History......................................................... 186
Running a Manual Backup to Remote Storage Using
Wbadmin.exe..................................................................... 186
Maintaining Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Systems.......................... 187
Daily Maintenance................................................................ 187
Weekly Maintenance............................................................. 190
Monthly Maintenance........................................................... 192
Quarterly Maintenance.......................................................... 193
Performing Management Tasks with Server Manager.......................... 193
Server Manager Roles Page..................................................... 194
Server Manager Diagnostics Page............................................. 196
Server Manager Configuration Page......................................... 200
Summary.................................................................................... 206
Best Practices............................................................................... 206
7 Optimizing the Hyper-V Host Server and Guest Sessions 209
Defining Capacity Analysis............................................................ 209
The Benefits of Capacity Analysis and Performance
Optimization..................................................................... 210
Establishing Policy and Metric Baselines................................... 211
Benchmark Baselines............................................................. 212
Using Capacity-Analysis Tools........................................................ 214
Task Manager....................................................................... 214
Network Monitor.................................................................. 216
Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor.......................... 223
Other Microsoft Assessment and Planning Tools........................ 227
Third-Party Toolset............................................................... 233
Optimizing the Performance of Hyper-V Host Servers and Guest
Sessions.................................................................................... 234
Resource Allocation to Hyper-V Guest Sessions.......................... 234
Optimizing Disk Configuration for Hyper-V Guest Sessions......... 236
Monitoring System Performance..................................................... 238
Key Elements to Monitor for Bottlenecks.................................. 239
Monitoring System Memory and Pagefile Usage......................... 239
Analyzing Processor Usage..................................................... 243
Evaluating the Disk Subsystem................................................ 244
Monitoring the Network Subsystem......................................... 245
Optimizing Performance by Server Roles.......................................... 247
Virtual Servers...................................................................... 248
Summary.................................................................................... 249
Best Practices............................................................................... 249
Part IV System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 in a Hyper-V Environment
8 System Center Virtual Machine Manager Technology Primer 253
What Is Virtual Machine Manager?................................................. 253
History of Virtualization and Virtualization Management.................... 253
Microsoft History of Virtualization.......................................... 254
Microsoft’s History on Virtualization Management..................... 254
What Is Virtual Machine Manager 2008?.......................................... 255
Components of VMM............................................................ 255
VMM on Top of PowerShell.................................................... 256
PowerShell Support in VMM 2008........................................... 257
Consoles in VMM......................................................................... 257
VMM Self-Service Portal......................................................... 258
VMM Administrative Console................................................. 258
Administrative Console in VMM..................................................... 258
The Navigation Pane............................................................. 259
Administrator Console Layout................................................ 261
Heterogeneous VM Management.................................................... 261
VMs Managed by VMM 2008.................................................. 261
Backward Compatibility and Enhancements in VMM 2008.......... 262
Cluster Support in VMM 2008........................................................ 263
The Importance of Clusters in the Virtual Environment.............. 263
High Availability with Clustered Hosts..................................... 263
The VMM Library......................................................................... 263
Hardware Profiles.................................................................. 264
Guest OS Profiles.................................................................. 264
Disk Images and ISO Image Files............................................. 264
VM Templates...................................................................... 265
Roles-Based Access Control............................................................ 265
User Roles in VMM 2008....................................................... 265
The Value VMM 2008 Brings to the Enterprise.................................. 266
Centralized Management....................................................... 266
Decreases Server Sprawl......................................................... 267
Integration with System Center Operations Manager 2007.......... 267
Profiles and Templates Make Provisioning Easier........................ 267
Self-Service Provisioning........................................................ 267
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity............................... 267
Optimized Resource Allocation............................................... 268
Physical and Virtual Server Conversions................................... 268
Roles-Based Access Control..................................................... 269
Who Needs VMM 2008?................................................................ 269
VMM 2008 for Delegated Administration Environments............. 269
VMM 2008 for Structure ITIL-Based Organizations..................... 269
VMM 2008 for Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity.......... 269
VMM 2008 for Dynamically Adjusting Environments................. 269
VMM 2008 for Highly Leveraged Virtual Environments.............. 270
VMM 2008 for VM Conversion Requirements........................... 270
VMM 2008 for Heterogeneous Environments............................ 270
Summary.................................................................................... 270
Best Practices............................................................................... 271
9 Installing and Getting Familiar with Virtual Machine Manager 2008 273
Understanding the Components of VMM 2008................................. 273
The VMM 2008 Server........................................................... 273
The Administrator Console.................................................... 274
The Self-Service Portal........................................................... 274
The Local Agent................................................................... 275
Preparing the Server for VMM 2008................................................. 275
Single- or Multiple-Server Deployments.................................... 275
Supported Operating Systems for VMM Components................. 276
Prerequisite Software............................................................. 277
VMM Database Considerations............................................... 278
VMM 2008 Installation................................................................. 280
Installing VMM Server and the SQL Server Express Database on
Windows Server 2008.......................................................... 280
Installing the VMM Administrator Console............................... 284
Installing the Self-Service Portal.............................................. 286
Installation of the Local Agent................................................ 288
Understanding the VMM Administrator Console............................... 289
Overview of the Administrator Console.................................... 289
Summary.................................................................................... 298
Best Practices............................................................................... 299
10 Creating Guest Images from Existing Production and Virtual Systems 301
Understanding Virtual Machine Conversions.................................... 301
Physical Computers That Can Be Converted.............................. 301
Additional Requirements for P2V Conversion............................ 302
Performing a P2V Conversion......................................................... 303
Performing a P2V Online Conversion....................................... 303
Performing a V2V Conversion........................................................ 310
Performing a V2V Conversion................................................ 311
Creating a Virtual Lab................................................................... 317
Using P2V to Create a Virtual Copy of Production...................... 317
Summary.................................................................................... 318
Best Practices............................................................................... 318
11 Using Virtual Machine Manager 2008 for Provisioning 321
Understanding Roles-Based Access and Delegation to Provision
Virtual Machines........................................................................ 321
Administrator Role in VMM 2008............................................ 321
Delegated Administrator Within VMM 2008............................. 322
Self-Service User as a Role in VMM 2008................................... 322
Managing User Roles..................................................................... 322
Managing the Administrator User Role..................................... 322
Creating a Delegated Administrator User Role........................... 324
Creating a Self-Service User Role.............................................. 326
Modifying User Roles............................................................ 330
Removing User Roles............................................................. 331
Deploying Virtual Machines........................................................... 331
Virtual Machine Placement.................................................... 332
Deploying Virtual Machines Using the Administrator Console..... 334
Deploying a Virtual Machine Using the Self-Service Portal........... 337
Migrating a VM............................................................................ 340
The Migrate Virtual Machine Action........................................ 340
Drag and Drop the VM onto a Host......................................... 342
Drag and Drop the VM onto a Host Group............................... 342
Summary.................................................................................... 343
Best Practices............................................................................... 344
Part V Maintaining Guest Session Uptime in a Hyper-V Environment
12 Application-Level Failover and Disaster Recovery in a Hyper-V
Environment 349
Choosing the Best Fault-Tolerance and Recovery Method.................... 350
Using Native High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery
Technologies Built in to an Application.................................. 350
Using Guest Clustering to Protect a Virtual Guest Session............ 352
Using Host Clustering to Protect an Entire Virtual Host System.... 353
Purchasing and Using Third-Party Applications for High
Availability and Disaster Recovery......................................... 354
Failover Clustering in Windows Server 2008..................................... 354
Windows Server 2008 Cluster Terminology............................... 355
Overview of Failover Clustering in a Hyper-V Host Environment.......... 358
Failover Cluster Quorum Models............................................. 358
Shared Storage for Failover Clusters......................................... 359
Failover Cluster Node Operating System Selection...................... 363
Deploying a Failover Cluster for Hyper-V Hosts................................. 363
Installing the Failover Cluster Feature on a Hyper-V Host............ 365
Running the Validate a Configuration Wizard........................... 366
Creating the Hyper-V Host Failover Cluster............................... 367
Configuring Cluster Networks................................................. 368
Adding Nodes to the Hyper-V Host Cluster............................... 371
Adding Storage to the Cluster................................................. 371
Cluster Quorum Configuration............................................... 372
Creating a Virtual Guest Session on the Host Cluster.................. 373
Configuring Start Actions and Making the Virtual Guest Highly
Available........................................................................... 374
Configuring Failover and Failback........................................... 376
Testing Failover Clusters........................................................ 377
Failover Cluster Maintenance................................................. 379
Removing Nodes from a Failover Cluster.................................. 380
Backing Up and Restoring Failover Clusters...................................... 380
Failover Cluster Node Backup Best Practices.............................. 381
Restoring an Entire Cluster to a Previous State........................... 381
Summary.................................................................................... 383
Best Practices............................................................................... 383
13 Debugging and Problem Solving the Hyper-V Host and Guest
Operating System 385
Using the Task Manager for Logging and Debugging.......................... 386
Monitoring Applications........................................................ 387
Monitoring Processes............................................................. 387
Monitoring Services.............................................................. 387
Monitoring Performance........................................................ 388
Monitoring Network Performance........................................... 388
Monitoring User Activity....................................................... 389
Using Event Viewer for Logging and Debugging................................ 390
Examining the New Event Viewer User Interface........................ 391
Conducting Additional Event Viewer Management Tasks............ 395
Performance and Reliability Monitoring........................................... 399
Resource Monitor................................................................. 400
Performance Monitor............................................................ 401
Reliability Monitor................................................................ 404
Data Collector Sets................................................................ 405
Reports............................................................................... 407
Setting Baseline Values.................................................................. 409
Reducing Performance Monitoring Overhead............................ 409
Important Objects to Monitor................................................. 410
Using the Debugging Tools Available in Windows Server 2008............. 411
TCP/IP Tools........................................................................ 411
System Startup and Recovery.................................................. 418
Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool......................................... 420
Resources and Support Tools................................................... 421
Common Problems Found in Hyper-V............................................. 422
Hyper-V Installation-Related Problems..................................... 422
Hyper-V Networking-Related Problems..................................... 423
Hyper-V Configuration-Related Problems.................................. 424
Hyper-V Miscellaneous Problems............................................. 425
Summary.................................................................................... 427
Best Practices............................................................................... 428
Index 429
Forewords & Introductions
IntroductionIntroduction
Windows Server 2008 shipped with several server roles that provide application services such as Active Directory, web services, thin client Terminal Services, video streaming media services, server virtualization services, and many others. This book focuses on the services specific to server virtualization called Hyper-V.
Hyper-V enables an organization to consolidate several physical server systems into a single host server while still providing isolation between virtual guest session application operations. With an interest to decrease costs in managing their information technology (IT) infrastructure, organizations are virtualizing servers. Bringing multiple physical servers into a single host server decreases the cost of purchasing and maintaining multiple physical server systems, decreases the cost of electricity and air-cooling systems to maintain the physical servers, and enables an organization to go "green" (by decreasing the use of natural resources in the operation of physical server systems).
In addition to covering Hyper-V virtualization in this book, the System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 (VMM 2008) product is also covered. VMM 2008 adds management capabilities to Hyper-V. VMM 2008 enables an administrator view and administer virtual guest sessions more easily, delegate administrative rights to others in the management of guest sessions, and use helpful tools to perform specific functions and tasks. Specific functions and tasks supported in VMM 2008 include the ability to take a production server and convert the server to a virtual guest image. In addition, VMM 2008 will take an existing virtual sessionand convert the image into a Hyper-V virtual guest session. These tools make managing, administering, and supporting a Hyper-V session much easier for the administrator.
The authors of this book had the opportunity to work with Windows Server 2008 for more than three years before it was released, and have been involved in the development and deployment of Hyper-V in production environments since the product inception.
It is our hope that we can provide you, the reader of our book, with a lot of really valuable information—not basic marketing fluff that talks about features and functions in Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008, but to really dig down into the products and share with you best practices for planning, preparing, implementing, and supporting a Windows 2008 Hyper-V-based virtual environment.
The thing about being involved with a product so early on is that our first experiences with Hyper-V and VMM were without any documentation, without help files that provided guidance, and without any shared experiences from others. We had to learn the technologies from experience, usually the hard way, but that has given us a distinct advantage of knowing the products forward and backward, better than anyone could ever imagine.
So, the pages of this book are filled with years of experience with Hyper-V and VMM 2008, live production environment best practices, and tips and tricks that we hope will help you design, plan, prototype, implement, administer, and support a Windows 2008-based server virtualization environment!
This book is organized into five parts, each part focusing on key Hyper-V and VMM areas, with chapters making up each part. The parts of this book are as follows:
Part I: Windows 2008 Hyper-V Overview—This part provides an introduction to Hyper-V not only from the perspective of a general technology overview, but also to note what is truly new in Hyper-V that made it compelling enough for organizations to implement the technology in beta in a production environments. We also cover basic planning, prototype testing, and migration techniques. This part also covers running tools to assess physical servers for consolidation to virtual guest sessions and the process of architecting an enterprise virtual host environment.
Part II: Windows 2008 Hyper-V Host and Guest Installation—This part covers the installation of Hyper-V from the perspective of both the host server and the guest virtual sessions. The server installation includes the setup and configuration of Windows Server 2008 and the specific versions that support Hyper-V virtualization. The guest session installation covers the installation of both Microsoft Windows and non-Windows guests that are supported as virtual server sessions within a Hyper-V host environment.
Part III: Administering and Maintaining Hyper-V Host Services—This part covers the management, administration, optimization, and maintenance of the Hyper-V host with the tools that come out of the box with Windows Server 2008. As with any application, Hyper-V is best run when the system is properly installed and configured with specific focus on optimizing the memory, disk storage, and processing capabilities of the underlying hardware. Hyper-V distributes resources of a host server across guest sessions, and thus it is important to have the right hardware and system optimization in place.
Part IV: System Center Virtual Machine Manager in a Hyper-V Environment—Hyper-V and Windows Server 2008 provide administrative tools for Hyper-V, but the addition of the System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 product on top of Hyper-V provides significant enhancements for the management and operations of virtual guest sessions and host-level configuration options. VMM 2008 allows for the extraction of physical server configurations down to virtual guest sessions and for the management of virtual guest templates and ISO disc image files and the provisioning of guest session.
Part V: Maintaining Guest Session Uptime in a Hyper-V Environment—This last part of the book covers guest session uptime, debugging, and problem solving intended to help administrators maintain a reliable host and guest virtual environment. Disaster recovery and high availability of guest applications are addressed with regard to the clustering of hosts and guest sessions. In addition, this part addresses application-level high-availability and disaster-recovery technologies built in to common applications in use today.
We hope that our real-world experience with Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V virtualization and our commitment to share that planning, implementation, and support of Hyper-V information will help get you up-to-speed on the latest in virtual server software!
© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
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