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From the National Book Award finalist, author of When Smoke Ran Like Water, a searing, haunting and deeply personal account of the War on Cancer.
The War on Cancer set out to find, treat, and cure a disease. Left untouched were many of the things known to cause cancer, including tobacco, the workplace, radiation, or the global environment. Proof of how the world in which we live and work affects whether we get cancer was either overlooked or suppressed.
This has been no accident.
The War on Cancer was run by leaders of industries that made cancer-causing products, and sometimes also profited from drugs and technologies for finding and treating the disease. Filled with compelling personalities and never-before-revealed information,
The Secret History of the War on Cancer shows how we began fighting the wrong war, with the wrong weapons, against the wrong enemies-a legacy that persists to this day.
This is the gripping story of a major public health effort diverted and distorted for private gain.
A portion of the profits from this book will go to support research on cancer prevention.
While much of this may sound familiar to a moderately informed reader, Davis puts it together in a way that illuminates the underbelly of medical research…the best watchdogs are often the most obsessive, using shock and alarm as a prelude to discussion. And for many readers of The Secret History of the War on Cancer, I suspect, Devra Davis is a natural for this role.
More Reviews and RecommendationsKnown around the world for her groundbreaking research on the environmental causes of breast cancer and chronic disease, Devra Davis -- with her 2002 National Book Award-Nominated When Smoke Ran Like Water -- has opened our eyes to the very real pollution epidemic.
More About the Author
Number of Reviews: 2
Average Rating:
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Finally some honesty about what's causing the epidemic of cancer!
A reviewer, A reviewer, 11/26/2007
This book exposes the corporate greed and government protection of corporate greed that has shielded us from knowing the truth about what is causing the current epidemic of cancer. I bet someone in your family has some form of it. Few families are spared. I have it. It was my oncologist at the City of Hope who said that cancer has become an epidemic. The author has written a fascinating, fast moving, honest book that will help everyone understand how urgently we need to go 'organic' and 'green' NOW!
Compelling!
A reviewer, A reviewer, 10/08/2007
Brilliantly written. Devra Davis has written a book that reads like a novel but is jam-packed with interesting tidbits about the 'war on cancer.' This is not a self-help book -- it is a fascinating report of decades of science, politics, industry and medicine written in a very layman-friendly way. Deception. Intrigue. It is all here. Although lengthy, it is a quick and compelling read. Absolutely outstanding and highly recommended.

Name:
Devra Davis
Also Known As:
Devra Lee Davis
Current Home:
Washington, D.C. and Jackson, Wyoming
Date of Birth:
June 07, 1946
Place of Birth:
Washington, D.C.
Education:
B.S., M.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1967; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1972; M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University, 1982
Awards:
American Cancer Society, Betty Ford Cancer Center Award, 1996
Davis was fired from her first job as a summer camp counselor in New England. Recalls Davis, "I had taught the campers 'marching' songs, some of which I had learned from my drill sergeant father, like 'Dirty Lil' and 'Sound Off' and others which were anti-war ditties, such as 'I Ain't a Marching Anymore,' and 'The Cat Came Back.' I got canned because the camp director made me out to be someone who would not always fall in line. Who knew?"
Davis on her family ties: "I am very proud of my big-talking, big-walking siblings and my own grand, noisy Langer, Davis, Morgenstern, Tuckfelt, Goldenberg family, where, as in Garrison Keillor's famous town, all the children are above average, all the women are strong and all the men are good looking. My daughter Lea just graduated from Oberlin College with a double major in the two things you are not supposed to argue about in polite company -- Politics and Religion -- and is teaching in a very modern Orthodox Jewish pre-school in Northern California that includes several gay parents. My son, Aaron, is a former United States Marine and is en route to becoming a real chef, so he is both strong and secure. My husband, Richard Morgenstern, regularly traipses around Asia getting governments to reduce their use of filthy, sickening fuels. The entire lot of us likes to work just a bit outside the box."
According to Davis, "The town I grew up in was famous in the way that Jack the Ripper and the Son of Sam were famous, so of course nobody ever talked about it. Only when I went away to college did I ever hear that a town called Donora had been badly polluted. I was really shocked and believed that there just had to be another Donora somewhere. There was not."
What was the book that most influenced your life -- and why?
From the time I was quite young, I loved listening to the brutally frank stories of love, hate, jealousy, spite, revenge and mercy in the Hebrew Bible. I attended a heder. "Heder" is the Hebrew word for room. Our Donora, Pennsylvania heder was filled with sibilance of chanting children of various ages, most just muttering in rote recitation, others who understood the meaning of the comforting ancient sounds. I never achieved any fluency in Hebrew but have remained enthralled with the intricacies of that language and many others. A change in a single vowel can produce a completely different meaning -- for instance, two identical roots of consonants can be interpreted either to signal that humans "dominate" the earth or are its "stewards." The fact that humans are created last in Genesis reminds us that we come from the earth and the words used to name us make that profoundly clear. The Hebrew name for earth is "adamah." That for man is "adam." The connection between the two in English would be as direct only if we called humans earthlings.
Music was always very important to me. My family reports that when I was eighteen months old and my mother was in labor with my brother Stan, I would sit for hours and listen to Mr. Gimel -- my grandmother's upstairs boarder -- play his beautiful black forest cello. I still adore listening to and sometimes playing that instrument. As a young girl, I got to sing in the shul choir right up front by the Torah. I was crushed when I was sent to the women's section -- in the back -- at age 11 because I no longer looked like a child. I also loved the sounds of Gregorian chants and Christmas carols, and at one point joined some friends in one of the local church choirs.
Donora was a steel town built right into steep hillsides inside a horseshoe bend on the Monongahela River. There were about 50 Jewish families in town. Everybody worked hard and there was little of what could be called an intellectual climate. The Rabbi in our small community was a terrific storyteller, and early on I was pretty excited to figure out that there was not just one way to look at a given tale in the Bible. As the oldest of four children in a family that resided in two bedroom homes, and living in a town where children roamed pretty freely, listening to these stories and later reading as much as I could took me to places I could never reach in any other way.
In the first grade I had a memorable and gifted teacher, Ms. Rowena Fisher, who nurtured my appetite for reading and learning. She sent me to a local college for "testing," from which I brought home a book on the "exceptional child" for my very young and busy parents. The report sat in the piano bench, where my folks did not take much notice of it. I read it and felt a kind of badge of differentness about which I had mixed feelings. My nickname was the "walking dictionary." In a town where every boy yearned to be a football hero and every girl aspired to be a cheer leader or drum majorette, and where the small local library had about 200 volumes, being known for one's vocabulary was not a welcome distinction. I began to write early on. One of my first poems spoke of "soft crackling autumn leaves," which is pretty funny. Donora actually did not have many living trees. The plumes from the mills kept anything green from growing in many places.
I also loved to talk and to question. Because my beloved Grandmother Pearl was in bed most of the time, she was always available to tell me stories from Russia, Hungary, and the occasional lusty Yiddish joke. Both my Grandmothers would brag in Yiddish: "She is a little devil with a big mouth." By listening to them and yammering with my teachers, the Rabbi and the local nuns in a town where television had not yet seeped into daily life, I entered an amazingly full world.
The Hebrew Bible is not a simple book and I am by no means a master of it. But reading it did teach me how to answer a question with a question. I also became fascinated with what the modern world considers footnotes. Books have been written on the meanings of the very first word of the Bible, boresheet. In learning about our contentious oral traditions, I felt a part of something grand and wonderful. I would sit for hours and listen to the Rabbi discourse on the hidden meanings of certain phrases and etymological roots of words. I adored the midrashic tradition of telling stories as way to clarify, debate, revise, amend, or otherwise account for the Bible's true intent. I also spent hours talking with the nuns at the local convent and making up some pretty far-fetched stories about what our bible really said, comparing notes on how such different traditions could arise from the same stories. It also did not escape my attention at a very early age that for every interpretation there could be any number of different opinions, yet even then, some eternal truths spanned all religions I knew of.
What are your favorite books -- and why?
This book stayed with me throughout my formal education, as it showed how searching scientific study could be conducted on the most ordinary parts of life. Having had a truly outstanding experience in what would later become the honors college at the University of Pittsburgh, I finished high school with enough credits to be nearly a junior at Pitt. I took graduate seminars on Weber -- where his writing on "objectivity" in science resonated powerfully against Stalininst science -- as an undergrad, and ended up with an undergraduate bachelor of science degree at the University of Pittsburgh and a Masters in Sociology in 1967.
As a late life aging jock, I found Steinem's essay on the strongest woman in the world a terrific expression of how modern society had kept women from finding or even flexing our muscles. Steinem nailed it perfectly. We grew up steeped in a culture where being healthy and strong was not valued for women, but being chosen to be a drum majorette because of what we looked like was. Today's cheerleaders are, in fact, athletes, but back then, it was believed that girls had to keep from getting too excited. Actually, when I was a teenager I was somewhat heftier than I am now and a bit of a tomboy, and never seriously had the option of appearing waiflike. I could hold my own in touch football. I even captained the basketball team in Donora Junior High. But, we were not allowed to run cross the entire court, lest we wear ourselves out from overexertion. Encouraged by one doctor who thought my face would be better noticed if my body were slimmed down, I once fasted for two weeks on only on water and diet pills -- given out like candy when they were first invented. I did not at all like what the pills did to my brain, so like millions of women of my generation I rapidly ballooned right back up. Others stuck with those pills and have the bodies and brains to show for it.
When Angier's book came out, I was steeped in biochemistry, immunology and epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University, and I remember being shocked that anyone could speak of such matters so clearly. I guess I secretly thought then that maybe one day I would try to do so. My interests in how we know what we say we know are unending. I once spent an entire year studying the philosophy of physics, specifically the "reality" of elementary particles, at the University of Chicago, where I completed my Ph.D. thanks to the good graces of a Danforth Foundation Graduate Fellowship. The class of "fellows" to which I belonged was one of the first to include women, and we were told clearly that it was up to us to show whether we could perform up to standards.
Chicago was like an intellectual candy store. I took classes in disciplines ranging from experimental and methodological issues to a number of inspiring ones in the Divinity School. Chicago provided a tremendously exciting venue, where teaching was vibrant, though women professors were nearly nonexistent. There was no escaping the moral debates about the war in Viet Nam. Living in Hyde Park on the South Side, there was also no escaping a profound recognition that our country had taken segregation out of laws but had not taken it out of our cities. The day Martin Luther King was assassinated, I was out walking through burning neighborhoods and got a haircut in a black beauty parlor, then as now a major institution in that community. With Beverly Jackson, a single mother of two, and Stan Lubarski, a lapsing Jesuit priest, I shortly afterwards ended up briefly at Virginia Union University, an historically black college, in a young and enthusiastic effort to somehow atone for the sins of the fathers.
In my doctoral research at Chicago, I continued to try to understand how fundamentally different epistemic communities conferred meaning on their realities of religion and those of science. My Ph.D. thesis, in the Committee on the History of Culture, contrasted these two domains with which I have been fascinated since I can remember thinking. I actually became a scientist -- toxicologist and epidemiologist -- via three different post-doctoral stints.
"What if Tereza knew what happens during the moment love is born: the woman cannot resist the voice calling forth her terrified soul; the man cannot resist the woman whose soul thus responds to his voice.
She fixed him with a long, careful, searching stare that was not devoid of irony's intelligent sparkle.
"The very beginning of Genesis tells us that God created man in order to give him dominion over fish and fowl and all creatures. Of course, Genesis was written by a man, not a horse. But let a third party enter the game -- a visitor from another planet, for example, someone to whom God says, "Thou shalt have dominion over creatures of all other stars" -- and all at once taking Genesis for granted becomes problematical."
If all these men had all been tired and full of flu, but with normal skin tone, no one would have thought to connect their problems. Only their exceptional color made the local doctors ask what was going on. Normal skin is rosy because it contains iron in the form of hemoglobin. Blood that is saturated with oxygen is bright red. Blood that has lost its oxygen is dark bluish-red. Carbon monoxide and other compounds, like those containing cyanide or nitrogen, can block iron from entering hemoglobin and deplete blood of oxygen. People who lack oxygen in their blood tend to look blue.
In New York, The health department officials learned that every one of these blue men had become sick within a half-hour of eating at a local diner. Ten of them had had oatmeal, rolls and coffee; one had eaten just oatmeal. Attention turned to what on earth was in that oatmeal. One of the saltshakers used in preparing the cereal, it turned out, had been mistakenly filled with white crystals that looked just like sodium chloride but were actually sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite tastes salty because it contains sodium, just as salt does, but it also contains nitrites, consisting of nitrogen bound to oxygen. Nitrites can wreak havoc in the blood. When bound to nitrite, hemoglobin cannot absorb iron and takes on an abnormal blue color, a condition called methemoglobinemia. Once this puzzle was solved, both the saltshaker and the men returned to normal.
The story of the eleven blue men provides a spectacular example of what the work of epidemiology -- the word comes from the Greek epi, upon, and demos, people -- is largely about. Epidemiologists look for common connections of patterns of illness among groups of people. That work is easiest when exposures are knowable or controlled, and take place over relatively short periods. Thus the challenge of the blue men was straightforward. They got sick quickly. They did not die. Therefore, they could be asked about what had happened to them in the days before they became ill. In fact about 125 people ate the same oatmeal, but only these eleven turned blue and sick. The blue guys all happened to be heavy drinkers and had added extra salt to their cereal, in an effort to make up for the sodium deficit common to alcoholics.
All of us have faced different sorts of Catch 22, with varying degrees of humor. In my own lifework, at several points when I have previously considered stepping outside science into writing for the general public, I have been told by some whom I respect greatly, "Serious scientists do not write for the public. That is for journalists." The message has been a Catch 22. If you do write a book on science for the public, don't make it too understandable, else you will no longer be a member of the tribe of serious scientists. We'll see.
I remember as an honors undergraduate at Pitt being in a graduate seminar in anthropological theory, with George Peter Murdock, then at Pitt, formerly the master of the field at Yale. He railed on about how Margaret Mead was not a serious researcher because she wrote for "women's magazines!" Immediately I was drawn to Mead's work and learned that she had published even more technical articles in anthropology than Murdock at the time. What steamed her mostly male colleagues was that she insisted on telling the public what her studies on sex and violence in more primitive cultures meant for ordinary people. And she did this pretty graphically and candidly at a time when polite people did not cotton much to such matters being talked about in public. I actually constructed a graph of the happy Meadian, where I showed that once her annual rate of popular articles exceed that of her scientific articles, her standing within science fell, as her popularity in the general public rose.
Favorite films?
If you had a book club, what would it be reading -- and why?
David McCullough's John Adams, because it is tells the story of an unsung and inspiring American political figure, captures marvelously textured history and exposes the human frailties, piercing self-understanding and magnificent relationship of John and Abigail Adams. It deserves to be talked about carefully and slowly.
Who are your favorite writers, and what makes their writing special?
A number of accomplished environmental journalists have set the mold for penetrating analyses, and while I do not always agree with them, I always find their writing top notch: Phil Shabekoff, Keith Schneider, Gregg Easterbrook, Dan Fagin and Marianne Lavelle, Rick Weiss, Joby Warrick, and Don Hopey.
What are you working on now?
What else do you want your readers to know?
Yoga and a number of other forms of physical activity keep me centered on the earth, as does my family and good friends. Skiing and hiking keep me nearer to G-d. Study of Torah and attending Havera when I can and studying other ancient texts reminds me why I am here.
I am blessed with many friends who are struggling with serious health issues. This keeps us all focused on the present. One motto: There is no present, like the time.
I wish I could speak Chinese.
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In the summer of 2004, we asked authors featured in Meet the Writers to give us a list of their all-time favorite summer reads, and tell us what makes them just right for the season. Here's what Devra Davis had to say:
These two books provide chilling accounts of how years of willful neglect resulted in one of the worst environmental tragedies in modern times -- the poisoning of the town of Libby, Montana. A parable for the developing world, through simple stories of the men and women who worked the asbestos plants and mines, they chart the tragic human price paid by those who went to work everyday, never imagining that the dust on their clothing would shorten their lives and that of their families.
From the National Book Award finalist, author of When Smoke Ran Like Water, a searing, haunting and deeply personal account of the War on Cancer.
The War on Cancer set out to find, treat, and cure a disease. Left untouched were many of the things known to cause cancer, including tobacco, the workplace, radiation, or the global environment. Proof of how the world in which we live and work affects whether we get cancer was either overlooked or suppressed.
This has been no accident.
The War on Cancer was run by leaders of industries that made cancer-causing products, and sometimes also profited from drugs and technologies for finding and treating the disease. Filled with compelling personalities and never-before-revealed information,
The Secret History of the War on Cancer shows how we began fighting the wrong war, with the wrong weapons, against the wrong enemies-a legacy that persists to this day.
This is the gripping story of a major public health effort diverted and distorted for private gain.
A portion of the profits from this book will go to support research on cancer prevention.
While much of this may sound familiar to a moderately informed reader, Davis puts it together in a way that illuminates the underbelly of medical research…the best watchdogs are often the most obsessive, using shock and alarm as a prelude to discussion. And for many readers of The Secret History of the War on Cancer, I suspect, Devra Davis is a natural for this role.
Cancer remains such a prolific killer, says the author, because the medical community focuses on treatment rather than prevention of the root causes. Davis (When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution, 2002, etc.), an epidemiologist and director of the Center for Environmental Oncology at University of Pittsburgh's Cancer Institute, offers a detailed history of workplace and environmental carcinogens that predates Nixon's "war" on cancer in the '70s. She reminds us of Sir Percival Pott's observations of scrotal cancers in English chimney sweeps, the radiation-induced cancers that followed the discovery of X-rays, the Curies' work with radium and, less well-known, the research of Nazi scientists who linked tobacco to cancer and led officials to discourage Germans from smoking during World War II. The German scientists were pioneers in the new field of epidemiology, which even today is denigrated by some since it involves methods like surveys (unreliable) and statistics (suspect). Much of the text makes for grim but fascinating reading as Davis reviews the tobacco story and describes conditions in steel mills, copper smelters, chemical factories and plastics plants, where workers are exposed to insidious and lethal solvents and agents such as asbestos, benzene, formaldehyde and dioxin. She also immortalizes the many poor people in small towns next to waste dumps or downstream from hugely polluted rivers who died from cancer or whose children suffered birth defects. In almost every case, the offending corporation lied, denied, delayed or bought-off complaints, recruiting the best legal talent and, sad to say, even highly respected scientists.Rather than engage in what has been a fruitless battle of litigation, vengeance and counterproductive legislation, Davis proposes a kind of truth-and-reconciliation approach to get industry and public-health experts mutually involved. But she notes that, unfortunately, it's simply not happening fast enough, and she goes on to raise her own concerns about cell phones, Ritalin and aspartame. One can hope, however, that Davis's book will assure that proper attention is paid.
Number of Reviews: 2
Average Rating:
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Finally some honesty about what's causing the epidemic of cancer!
A reviewer, A reviewer, 11/26/2007
This book exposes the corporate greed and government protection of corporate greed that has shielded us from knowing the truth about what is causing the current epidemic of cancer. I bet someone in your family has some form of it. Few families are spared. I have it. It was my oncologist at the City of Hope who said that cancer has become an epidemic. The author has written a fascinating, fast moving, honest book that will help everyone understand how urgently we need to go 'organic' and 'green' NOW!
Compelling!
A reviewer, A reviewer, 10/08/2007
Brilliantly written. Devra Davis has written a book that reads like a novel but is jam-packed with interesting tidbits about the 'war on cancer.' This is not a self-help book -- it is a fascinating report of decades of science, politics, industry and medicine written in a very layman-friendly way. Deception. Intrigue. It is all here. Although lengthy, it is a quick and compelling read. Absolutely outstanding and highly recommended.
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