The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents by Ellen W. Schrecker

Foreword Preface PART ONE The Age of McCarthyism The American Communist Party The Growth of the Anti-Communist Network Communism and National Security: The Menace Emerges The State Steps In: Setting the Anti-Communist Agenda Communists in Government and the Big Spy Cases Atomic Espionage The Loyalty-Security Program The Assault on the Communist Party The Destruction of the Communist Fronts and Unions Congressional Committees and Unfriendly Witnesses Red-Baiting and Careerism: Joseph McCarthy at Work Congressional Investigations and the "Loss" of China Anticommunism at the State and Local Levels Blacklists and Other Economic Sanctions Liberals and the Struggle against McCarthyism The Legacy of McCarthyism PART TWO The Documents 1. The World of American Communism: Party Members Talk about Their Experiences Howard Johnson, A Communist in Harlem, November 16, 1979 David Friedman, A New York City Schoolteacher in the Party, October 23, 1979 Marge Frantz, A Longtime Woman Activist in the Party, August 22, 1981 Rose Krysak, A Rank-and -File Communist in the 1950s, October 31, 1979 2. From the Communist Party's Perspective: William Z. Foster Looks at the World in 1947 William Z. Foster, The New Europe, 1947 The Communist Menace: An American Legion View James F. O’Neil, How You Can Fight Communism, August 1948 4. To Quarantine Communism: J. Edgar Hoover Speaks to the American People J. Edgar Hoover, Testimony before HUAC, March 26, 1947 5. Communist Spies in the State Department: The Emergence of the Hiss Case Washington KGB, Telegram to Moscow, March 30, 1945 Whittaker Chambers, Testimony before HUAC, August 3, 1948 Alger Hiss, Testimony before HUAC,August 5, 1948 Whittaker Chambers, Testimony before HUAC, August 7, 1948 Alger Hiss, Testimony before HUAC, August 16, 1948 Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss, Testimony before HUAC, August 17, 1948 Whittaker Chambers, Statement to the FBI, December 3, 1948 6. Atomic Espionage and the Rosenberg Case Klaus Fuchs, Confession to William Skardon, January 27, 1950 New York KGB, Telegram to Moscow, November 12, 1944 New York KGB, Telegram to Moscow, November 14, 1944 New York KGB, Telegram to Moscow, November 27, 1944 A. H. Belmont, Office Memorandum on Julius Rosenberg, July 17, 1950 J. Edgar Hoover, Memorandum to the Attorney General, July 19, 1950 Judge Irving Kaufman, Sentencing of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, April 5, 1951 Ethel Rosenberg, Letter to Julius Rosenberg, February 26, 1952 Julius Rosenberg, Letter to Ethel Rosenberg, May 31, 1953 7. The Truman Administration Deals with the Communist Menace: The 1947 Loyalty-Security Program Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 9835, March 21, 1947 8. A Political Test for Employment: The Loyalty-Security Program in Operation The Federal Loyalty-Security Program: Case 1 The Federal Loyalty-Security Program: Case 2 9. Guilt by Designation: The Attorney General's List The Attorney General's List of Totalitarian, Fascist, Communist, Subversive, and Other Organizations, November 16, 1950 10. Communism in Court: Excerpts from the 1949 Smith Act Trial of the Communist Party's Eleven Top Leaders John F. X. McGohey, Opening Statement on Behalf of the Government, March 21, 1949 Eugene Dennis, Opening Statement on Behalf of the Communist Party, March 21, 1949 Louis Budenz, Testimony, March 1949 11. Outlawing the Communist Party: The Supreme Court Upholds the Smith Act Chief Justice Fred Vinson, Majority Opinion in Dennis et al. v. United States, June 4, 1951 Justice Hugo Black, Dissenting Opinion in Dennis et al. v. United States, June 4, 1951 12. A Liberal Opposes Anti-Communist Legislation: Truman Vetoes the Internal Security Act of 1950 Harry S. Truman, Veto of the Internal Security Act of 1950, September 22, 1950 13. Purging the Labor Movement: The CIO Expels Its Left-Wing Unions Resolution on Expulsion of the United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America, November 1949 14. The Dilemma of an Unfriendly Witness: Lillian Hellman Takes the Fifth Amendment Lillian Hellman, Letter to HUAC, May 19, 1952 15. "Are You Now …?": HUAC Investigates Hollywood John Howard Lawson, Testimony before HUAC, October 27, 1947 Ring Lardner Jr., Testimony before HUAC, October 30, 1947 16. "I Have in My Hand ...": Senator Joseph McCarthy Charges That There Are Communists in the State Department Senator Joseph McCarthy, Speech at Wheeling, West Virginia, February 9, 1950 The Hollywood Blacklist Begins: Studio Heads Fire the Hollywood Ten The Waldorf Statement, December 3, 1947 The Blacklisters’ Bible: Red Channels Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television, 1950 The Blacklist in Operation: Testimony from the John Henry Faulk Trial David Susskind, Testimony in Faulk v. AWARE, 1962 Mark Goodson, Testimony in Faulk v. AWARE, 1962 Kim Hunter, Testimony in Faulk v. AWARE, 1962 Everett Sloan, Testimony in Faulk v. AWARE, 1962 Unfriendly Witnesses and Their Lawyers: The HUAC Testimony of Robert Treuhaft Robert Treuhaft, Testimony before HUAC, December 3, 1953 Heresy and Conspiracy: A Cold War Liberal View of the Communist Threat Sidney Hook, Heresy, Yes—But Conspiracy, No, July 9, 1950 A Liberal Deplores the Witch-Hunt: Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas on "The Black Silence of Fear" William O. Douglas, The Black Silence of Fear, January 13, 1952 APPENDIXES Glossary A McCarthyism Chronology (1917–1976) Interpreting McCarthyism: A Bibliographical Essay Index