| Preface | |
| Part 1 | The Criminology and Controversy of Terrorism | 1 |
| Chapter 1 | Definitions, Tactics, and Behavior | 2 |
| Why Definitions Are Important | 3 |
| Definitions of Terrorism | 4 |
| The Meaning of the War on Terrorism | 7 |
| The Tactics of Terrorism | 9 |
| How Terrorist Groups Justify Behavior | 10 |
| Warrior Dreams | 12 |
| Terrorist Profiles: Three Views | 12 |
| Summary of Main Points | 15 |
| Key Terms | 15 |
| Suggested Readings | 15 |
| Web Resources | 16 |
| Chapter 2 | The Origins of Modern Terrorism | 17 |
| Modern Democracies and the Birth of Terrorism in the West | 18 |
| Terrorism and the Anarchists | 19 |
| Terrorism and the Russian Revolution | 22 |
| Nationalistic Revolutionaries | 23 |
| Irish History and the Growth of Modern Terrorism | 24 |
| The Influence of Past Experience | 26 |
| Summary of Main Points | 27 |
| Key Terms | 28 |
| Suggested Readings | 28 |
| Web Resources | 28 |
| Chapter 3 | Changing Group Structures and the Metamorphosis of Terrorism | 30 |
| Trying to Walk the Walk | 31 |
| Group Size and Campaign Length | 32 |
| Group Size Is Important | 33 |
| Creating Terrorist Organizations | 35 |
| New Models for a New Day | 38 |
| The Problems of Managing Organizations | 40 |
| The Individual: The Ultimate Small Group | 43 |
| Summary of Main Points | 45 |
| Key Terms | 46 |
| Suggested Readings | 46 |
| Web Resources | 46 |
| Chapter 4 | The Advent of Religious Terrorism | 48 |
| Analysis of Religious Terrorism | 49 |
| The Social Characteristics of Terrorists: Juergensmeyer's Terror in God's Mind | 51 |
| Religions That Kill: Stern's Terror in God's Mind | 52 |
| The Logic of Religious Terrorism | 54 |
| Huntington's Clash of Civilizations and Esposito's Response | 56 |
| Role of Eschatology | 59 |
| Two Views of Islam and Terrorism | 60 |
| Summary of Main Points | 62 |
| Key Terms | 63 |
| Suggested Readings | 63 |
| Web Resources | 64 |
| Chapter 5 | Financing Terrorism | 65 |
| The Importance of Funding | 66 |
| Crime Pays | 68 |
| A Macroeconomic Theory of the New Terrorist Economy | 73 |
| The Narcoterrorism Debate | 76 |
| Narcoterrorism: Another View | 78 |
| Summary of Main Points | 79 |
| Key Terms | 80 |
| Suggested Readings | 80 |
| Web Resources | 80 |
| Chapter 6 | Types of Modern Terrorism | 82 |
| Cyberterrorism | 83 |
| Suicide Terrorism | 86 |
| Weapons of Mass Destruction: Biological Agents | 90 |
| Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical and Radiological Agents | 94 |
| Summary of Main Points | 96 |
| Key Terms | 97 |
| Suggested Readings | 97 |
| Web Resources | 97 |
| Part 2 | International Terrorism | 99 |
| Chapter 7 | The Evolution of Jihadist Networks | 100 |
| Religion and Militant Religion | 101 |
| The Origins of the Jihadist Networks | 103 |
| Jihad Continues in Afghanistan | 107 |
| The Rise of Osama bin Laden | 108 |
| Declaring War on the United States | 111 |
| Summary of Main Points | 119 |
| Key Terms | 119 |
| Suggested Readings | 119 |
| Web Resources | 120 |
| Chapter 8 | The Umbrella Effect | 121 |
| Jihad Moves to Central and Southeast Asia | 122 |
| Sunni Jihad from Africa to the West | 128 |
| The Metamorphosis of Hezbollah | 130 |
| The Current State of Hezbollah | 136 |
| A Sympathetic View of Hezbollah | 137 |
| A Critical View of Hezbollah | 139 |
| Summary of Main Points | 140 |
| Key Terms | 141 |
| Suggested Reading | 141 |
| Web Resources | 142 |
| Chapter 9 | The Question of Israel and Palestine | 143 |
| The Origins of the Conflict | 144 |
| Palestinian Violence Expands | 151 |
| The PLO and the Changing Face of Middle Eastern Terrorism | 152 |
| Intifadas and Religious Revival | 154 |
| Summary of Main Points | 156 |
| Key Terms | 157 |
| Suggested Readings | 157 |
| Web Resources | 157 |
| Chapter 10 | Middle Eastern Terrorism in Metamorphosis | 159 |
| The Palestinian Islamic Jihad | 160 |
| Hamas | 163 |
| The Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades | 167 |
| Jewish Fundamentalist Groups in Israel and Palestine | 172 |
| Controversial Counterterrorist Policies | 174 |
| Summary of Main Points | 176 |
| Key Terms | 176 |
| Suggested Readings | 176 |
| Web Resources | 177 |
| Chapter 11 | Nationalistic and Ethnic Terrorism | 178 |
| The Logic of Ethnic Terrorism | 179 |
| The Basque Nation and Liberty | 182 |
| The PPK and Its Alter Egos | 185 |
| The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam | 189 |
| The Origins and Development of the Anglo-Irish Conflict | 193 |
| The Early History of the Irish Republican Army | 196 |
| The 1916 Easter Rebellion | 197 |
| Independence and Separation | 198 |
| Trends in the IRA: 1930-1985 | 200 |
| The Peace Accord and Peace Process in Ireland | 203 |
| Summary of Main Points | 204 |
| Key Terms | 205 |
| Suggested Readings | 205 |
| Web Resources | 205 |
| Chapter 12 | Ideological Terrorism | 207 |
| The Status of Ideological Terrorism | 208 |
| Ideology and Marighella's Urban Model | 211 |
| The Demise of Left-Wing Ideology in Europe | 216 |
| Iraq Insurgency: Guerrillas or Terrorists, Ethnic or Ideological? | 219 |
| Summary of Main Points | 222 |
| Key Terms | 222 |
| Suggested Readings | 222 |
| Web Resources | 223 |
| Part 3 | Domestic Terrorism | 225 |
| Chapter 13 | Conceptualizing Terrorism in America | 226 |
| Early Studies of Domestic Terrorism | 227 |
| The Problem of Conceptualizing Terrorism in the United States | 229 |
| Classifying Terrorism in Criminal Justice | 231 |
| Smith's Analysis of Domestic Terrorism | 234 |
| Steven Emerson's View of Jihad and His Critics | 238 |
| Summary of Main Points | 242 |
| Key Terms | 242 |
| Suggested Readings | 242 |
| Web Resources | 243 |
| Chapter 14 | Terrorism in the United States | 244 |
| Nationalistic Separatism: The Case of Puerto Rico | 245 |
| The Development of Right-Wing Violence | 246 |
| Contemporary Right-Wing Behavior, Beliefs, and Tactics | 249 |
| Conspiracies, Militias, and the Call to Arms | 252 |
| Pierce's Blueprint for Revolution | 255 |
| The Decline of the Left | 256 |
| Ecoterrorism, Animal Rights, and Genetic Engineering | 257 |
| Antiabortion Violence | 259 |
| Black Hebrew Israelism: An Apocalyptic Single Issue | 261 |
| Summary of Main Points | 263 |
| Key Terms | 263 |
| Suggested Readings | 264 |
| Web Resources | 264 |
| Part 4 | Issues in Homeland Security | 267 |
| Chapter 15 | In Search of Homeland Security | 268 |
| Defining Homeland Security | 269 |
| Clausewitz, Sun Tzu, and Views of War | 271 |
| Pearl Harbor and 9-11: Two Different Worlds | 274 |
| Redefining Conflict, Defense, and Intelligence | 275 |
| The Role of Symbols and Structures | 277 |
| Law Enforcement's Special Role | 278 |
| Building Intelligence Systems | 280 |
| Planning for Homeland Security | 284 |
| Creating a Culture of Information Sharing | 285 |
| Summary of Main Points | 288 |
| Key Terms | 289 |
| Suggested Readings | 289 |
| Web Resources | 289 |
| Chapter 16 | Protecting the Homeland and Protecting Civil Liberties | 291 |
| Defense in Depth: Why Civil Liberties Interact with Civil Defense | 292 |
| The USA Patriot Act | 293 |
| Title II and the Debate about Intelligence Gathering | 296 |
| The Case for Increasing Executive Powers in the Face of Terrorism | 299 |
| The Case against Increasing Executive Powers in the Face of Terrorism | 302 |
| The Debate Concerning Intelligence Gathering | 303 |
| Militarization and Police Work | 306 |
| Summary of Main Points | 308 |
| Key Terms | 308 |
| Suggested Readings | 308 |
| Web Resources | 309 |
| Chapter 17 | The Bureaucracy of Homeland Security | 310 |
| Bureaucracy: The Weberian Ideal | 311 |
| The Role of Law Enforcement and Intelligence | 313 |
| Protecting the Borders | 315 |
| Infrastructure Protection | 317 |
| DHS, Security, and Police Work | 319 |
| Possible Approaches for Homeland Security Bureaucracies | 321 |
| Bureaucratic Inhibitors | 322 |
| Stephen Flynn's Critique of the Ideal | 325 |
| Summary of Main Points | 327 |
| Key Terms | 327 |
| Suggested Readings | 327 |
| Web Resources | 328 |
| Chapter 18 | The Media: Affecting Terrorism and Homeland Security | 329 |
| Television and Terrorism: A Cozy Relationship | 330 |
| The Media as a Force Multiplier | 334 |
| Security Forces vs. Reporters | 337 |
| Does Reporting Make Terrorism Contagious? | 341 |
| Censorship Debates | 343 |
| Summary of Main Points | 345 |
| Key Terms | 346 |
| Suggested Readings | 346 |
| Web Resources | 346 |
| Glossary | 349 |
| Bibliography | 364 |
| Index | 384 |