St. Louis African American Community and the Exodusters by Bryan M. Jack
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(Hardcover)
- Pub. Date: January 2008
- 208pp
- Sales Rank: 771,511
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Product Details
- Pub. Date: January 2008
- Publisher: University of Missouri Press
- Format: Hardcover, 208pp
- Sales Rank: 771,511
- ISBN-13: 9780826217721
- ISBN: 0826217729
Synopsis
For many Exodusters, former slaves who made their way from the South to the Kansas plains in the aftermath of the Civil War, St. Louis was a key stop in the journey west. However, many landed on the St. Louis levee destitute, and city officials refused aid for fear of encouraging more migrants. Bryan Jack tells how the city's African American community organized relief in response to this crisis, but he also shows that black aid to the Exodusters was more than charity-community support was a form of collective resistance to white supremacy and segregation as well as a statement for freedom and self-direction. The St. Louis African American community understood that if the Exodusters' right to freedom of movement was limited, so would be the rights of all African Americans. He also discusses divisions within that community and among its leaders regarding the nature of aid and even whether it should be provided.
Biography
Bryan M. Jack is Assistant Professor of History at Winston-Salem State University.
Customer Reviews
Tightly written and highly readableby Creativefolk
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February 05, 2009:
When Reconstruction ended in 1877, blacks in the South were in some ways worse off than they?d been before the Civil War. Though slavery as it had been known was now illegal, Southerners found new ways to subjugate black Americans through fear, intimidation, forced labor and murder. For many Freedmen, the only glimmer of hope for a reasonable life was elsewhere, in a more tolerant and progressive area such as Kansas.
An unorganized mass exodus began in 1879, and thousands of mostly penniless refugees began arriving in St. Louis as their first stop. The city, while not exactly progressive or tolerant, did have a thriving, established and educated African American community (and some white allies) who sought to aid the Exodusters. As the title of the book indicates, this is the primary focus of this study, though other supporting threads are also explored and help place the story in context.
It?s not a simple story; within the African American community and among their white allies there were different ideas about what the goals were and exactly how best to accomplish them. Powerful personalities sometimes clashed and even lost sight of the goals. As the flood grew, some began to question whether the Exodusters might be better served by going back home, or being discouraged from leaving in the first place. (Frederick Douglass opposed the Exodus on several grounds, and rebuffed appeals for assistance.) Unfortunately some black citizens even abused their trust. But all in all, most of St. Louis? black citizens understood they had a stake in all this, too; they were taking a stand for civil rights, for the freedom of movement. And perhaps depriving the South of its cheap/free labor force would force it to change.
Tightly written and highly readable, I?d recommend this book to anyone interested in St. Louis history, as well as to those interested in African American studies.
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