| 1 | History | 1 |
| 2 | History of spinal instrumentation : the modern era | 22 |
| 3 | Differential diagnosis of surgical disorders of the spine | 33 |
| 4 | Anatomy and physiology of congenital spinal lesions | 61 |
| 5 | Anatomy and pathophysiology of acquired spinal lesions | 88 |
| 6 | Neural injury at the molecular level | 100 |
| 7 | Practical anatomy and fundamental biomechanics | 109 |
| 8 | Physical and neurologic examination | 136 |
| 9 | Spinal masqueraders | 144 |
| 10 | Pathophysiology of cervical myelopathy : biomechanical concepts | 160 |
| 11 | Biology of spine fusion | 169 |
| 12 | Spine fusion : anatomy and biomechanics of bone-bone interface | 180 |
| 13 | Bone void fillers : bone and bone substitutes | 192 |
| 14 | Osteointegration (osseointegration) | 204 |
| 15 | Materials and material properties | 213 |
| 16 | Biomechanical testing | 220 |
| 17 | Fundamentals of spine surgery | 228 |
| 18 | Preoperative and surgical planning for avoiding complications | 233 |
| 19 | Data management | 242 |
| 20 | Education and knowledge-base acquisition and retention | 252 |
| 21 | Occipital cervial region | 259 |
| 22 | The cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction | 269 |
| 23 | Thoracic spine | 281 |
| 24 | The lumbar and sacral spine | 294 |
| 25 | Upper cervical and craniocervical decompression | 319 |
| 26 | Upper cervical and occipitocervical arthrodesis | 329 |
| 27 | Ventral and ventrolateral subaxial decompression | 341 |
| 28 | Single and multiple-single interbody fusion techniques | 351 |
| 29 | Threaded interbody cage fixation for cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament | 363 |
| 30 | Interbody strut techniques | 370 |
| 31 | Interbody cages | 378 |
| 32 | Cervical laminotomy, laminectomy, laminoplasty, and foraminotomy | 387 |
| 33 | Intespinous, laminar, and facet fusion | 395 |
| 34 | Combined ventral-dorsal procedure | 402 |
| 35 | Ventral and ventrolateral spine decompression and fusion | 407 |
| 36 | Lateral extracavitary decompression | 429 |
| 37 | Retropleural approach to the ventral thoracic and thoracolumbar spine | 435 |
| 38 | Laminotomy, Laminectomy, laminoplasty, and foraminotomy | 447 |
| 39 | Posterior lumbar interbody fusion | 452 |
| 40 | Anterior lumbar interbody fusion | 474 |
| 41 | Lumbar interbody cages | 489 |
| 42 | Dorsal and lateral thoracic and lumbar fusion | 500 |
| 43 | Trauma surgery : occipitocervical junction | 512 |
| 44 | Trauma surgery : cervical spine | 526 |
| 45 | Trauma surgery : thoracic and thoracolumbar spine | 544 |
| 46 | Trauma surgery : fractures of the lumbar and sacral spine | 563 |
| 47 | Cervical discectomy | 573 |
| 48 | Thoracic discectomy | 582 |
| 49 | Lumbar discectomy | 601 |
| 50 | Percutaneous approaches to lumbar discectomy | 619 |
| 51 | The black disc | 626 |
| 52 | Cervical spondylosis | 633 |
| 53 | Thoracic and lumbar spondylosis | 642 |
| 54 | Spondylolisthesis : sagittal plane lumbar spine deformity correction | 655 |
| 55 | Degenerative rotatory scoliosis : coronal plane lumbar spine deformity correction | 675 |
| 56 | Rheumatoid arthritis | 684 |
| 57 | Ankylosing spondylitis and related disorders | 703 |
| 58 | Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament | 729 |
| 59 | Scheuermann's disease | 744 |
| 60 | Craniocervical junction deformities | 755 |
| 61 | Subaxial cervical deformities | 768 |
| 62 | Cervical facet dislocations : a ventral surgical strategy for decompression, reduction, and stabilization | 782 |
| 63 | Kyphotic cervical deformity correction | 788 |
| 64 | Thoracic and lumbar deformities | 796 |
| 65 | Pediatric spinal deformities | 824 |
| 66 | Deformity correction | 876 |
| 67 | Deformity surgery : thoracic and lumbar | 893 |
| 68 | Ankylosing spondylitis | 931 |
| 69 | Intramedullary spinal cord lesions | 939 |
| 70 | Intradural extramedullary spinal lesions | 948 |
| 71 | Spinal intradural vascular malformations | 961 |
| 72 | Spinal dural vascular malformations | 970 |
| 73 | Cauda equina syndrome | 978 |
| 74 | Primary bony spinal lesions | 992 |
| 75 | Primary bony spinal lesions : surgery for cure | 1015 |
| 76 | Metastatic spine tumors | 1025 |
| 77 | Metabolic bone disease | 1062 |
| 78 | Foramen magnum lesions | 1091 |
| 79 | Sacral lesions | 1107 |
| 80 | Tarlov cysts | 1124 |
| 81 | Occult spinal dysraphism and the tethered spinal cord | 1131 |
| 82 | Myelomeningocele and associated anomalies | 1146 |
| 83 | Anterior sacral meningocele | 1156 |
| 84 | Chiari malformation and syringomyelia | 1166 |
| 85 | Chiari malformation and chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia : a paradigm for care | 1185 |
| 86 | Evaluation of the carvical spine after trauma | 1193 |
| 87 | Revascularization and scar prevention : omental transposition and spine surgery | 1202 |
| 88 | Spinal wound closure | 1210 |
| 89 | Spinal reoperations | 1221 |
| 90 | Penetrating spinal cord injuries | 1226 |
| 91 | Vascularized bone grafts in spine surgery | 1234 |
| 92 | Pain and spasticity | 1239 |
| 93 | Bone graft harvesting | 1253 |
| 94 | Timing of spinal surgery : argument for elective surgery | 1262 |
| 95 | Minimally invasive spinal decompression and stabilization techniques I | 1267 |
| 96 | Minimally invasive spinal decompression and stabilization techniques II | 1274 |
| 97 | Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty | 1313 |
| 98 | The obese patient | 1320 |
| 99 | Smoking, the spine, and spinal fusion | 1333 |
| 100 | The geriatric patient | 1345 |
| 101 | Surgery of the sympathetic nervous system | 1357 |
| 102 | The value of surgical intervention in spinal trauma | 1367 |
| 103 | Trauma nonoperative management | 1373 |
| 104 | Complications of peripheral nerve surgery | 1379 |
| 105 | Basic biomechanically relevant anatomy | 1397 |
| 106 | Spinal implant attributes : distraction, compression, and three-point bending | 1411 |