SCO UNIX In A Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference for SCO UNIX and Open Desktop by Ellie Cutler, O'Reilly & Associates Inc, Staff Of O'Reilly Media

Table of Contents Preface Introduction What's in the Quick Ref Scope of This Book Audience For More Information on SCO UNIX Usenet Newsgroups Mailing Lists CompuServe Supplements and Support Conventions Acknowledgments Part I: Open Desktop Section 1. The Open Desktop Entering and Exiting the Desktop Logging In Logging Out Navigating the Desktop Accessories Icon Calculator Clock DOS Edit Find Help Load Mail Paint Print UNIX Controls Icon Administration Color Lock Mouse Preferences Session Applications Icon Help Icon Help Menus The Help Library Context-specific Help Files and Directories Part II. User Commands Section 2. Overview of User Commands Common Commands Communication Comparisons DOS Commands File Management Miscellaneous NFS and NIS Commands Printing Searching Storage/Backup System Status TCP/IP Commands Text Processing UUCP Commands Section 3. SCO UNIX User Commands Alphabetical Summary of Commands Part III. Shells Section 4. The UNIX Shell: An Overview Introduction to the Shell Purpose of the Shell Interactive Use Customization of Your UNIX Session Programming Shell Flavors Common Features Differing Features Section 5. The Bourne Shell and Korn Shell Overview of Features Syntax Special Files Filename Metacharacters Quoting Command Forms Redirection Forms Coprocesses Variables Variable Substitution Built-in Shell Variables Other Shell Variables Arrays Arithmetic Expressions Operators Examples Command History Line-edit Mode The fc Command Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shell) Job Control Invoking the Shell Restricted Shells Section 6. The C Shell Overview of Features Syntax Special (device) Files Filename Metacharacters Quoting Command Forms Redirection Forms Variables Variable Substitution Variable Modifiers Predefined Shell Variables Example .cshrc File Environment Variables Expressions Operators Examples Command History Command Substitution Command Substitution Examples Word Substitution Word Substitution Examples History Modifiers History Modifier Examples Built-in C-shell Commands Invoking the Shell Section 7. The SCO Shell SCO Shell Basics Starting and Stopping the Shell SCO Shell Screen Using Menus Quick Reference Keys Running Commands From the SCO Shell Main Menu Options File Management With the Manager Menu Running Applications From the Application Menu Printing From the Print Menu Running Utilities From the Utility Menu Configuring the Environment From the Options Menu Keystroke Commands Cursor Movement Commands Insertion and Deletion Commands Other Commands SCO Shell Menu Map Part IV: Text Editing Section 8. Pattern Matching Filenames Versus Patterns Metacharacters, Listed by UNIX Program Metacharacters Examples of Searching Examples of Searching and Replacing Section 9. The Vi Editor Review of Vi Operations Command-line Syntax Command Mode Insert Mode Syntax of Vi Commands Status-line Commands Movement Commands Edit Commands Saving and Exiting Accessing Multiple Files Interacting with UNIX Macros Miscellaneous Commands Alphabetical List of Keys Setting Up Vi The :set Command Options Used by :set Example .exrc File Section 10. The Ex Editor Syntax of Ex Commands Options Addresses Address Symbols Alphabetical Summary of Ex Commands Section 11. The Sed Editor Command-line Syntax Conceptual Overview Syntax of Sed Commands Pattern Addressing Group Summary of Sed Commands Alphabetical Summary of Sed Commands Section 12. The Awk Scripting Language Conceptual Overview Command-line Syntax Patterns and Procedures Patterns Procedures Simple Pattern-Procedure Examples Awk System Variables Operators Variables and Array Assignments Group Listing of Awk Commands Alphabetical Summary of Commands Part V: Software Development Section 13. Programming Overview Common Commands Creating Programs Debugging Programs Maintaining Programs Section 14. Software Development Commands Alphabetical Summary of Commands Part VI: System and Network Administration Section 15. System Administration Overview Common Commands Archiving Daemons Hardware Installation Managing Filesystems Miscellaneous Printing Security and System Integrity Starting and Stopping the System sysadmsh System Activity and Process Management Users Networking Overview TCP/IP Administration Commands NFS and NIS Administration Commands UUCP Administration Commands MMDF Commands Overview of TCP/IP IP Addresses Gateways and Routing Name Service Configuring TCP/IP Troubleshooting TCP/IP Overview of NFS Overview of NIS Administering NIS RPC and XDR Automounter UUCP File Transfer Administering UUCP UUCP control files Atdialers Security with /etc/passwd MMDF Section 16. The sysadmsh Shell sysadmsh Basics Starting and Stopping sysadmsh The sysadmsh Screen Selecting Menu Items Forms Radio Buttons Scan Windows Help Function Keys Environment Variables Menu Options Menu Map Section 17. System Administration Commands Alphabetical Summary of Commands Index Figures 1-1 Open Desktop login box 1-2 The SCO Open Desktop main screen 1-3 Help menu 1-4 Context-specific help screen 1-5 Deleting a file 7-1 The SCO shell screen 7-2 The SCO shell Help screen 15-1 Layers in the TCP/IP Protocol Architecture 15-2 IP Address Structure

INDEX: !, 3-11, 8-2 #!, 3-13 $, 8-2, 8-3 , 3-11 =, 3-11, 4-11 &&, 3-11 &, 3-11, 8-3, 8-4 &=, 3-11, 4-11 ( ), 8-2 (), 8-3 *, 3-11, 8-2, 8-3 *=, 3-11, 4-11 ++, 4-11 +, 3-11, 8-2, 8-3 +=, 3-11, 4-11 -=, 3-11, 4-11 /, 3-11 /=, 3-11, 4-11 5620 DMD terminal, downloading files for, 22-82 <, 3-11 <<, 3-11 <<=, 3-11 <=, 3-11 >, 3-11 >=, 3-11 >>, 3-11 >>=, 3-11 ?, 8-2, 8-3 [[ ]], 3-13 [], 8-2, 8-3 ., 8-2, 8-3 =, 3-11, 4-11 -, 3-11, 4-11 \( \), 8-2 \, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4 \< \>, 8-2 \(\), 8-3 \<\>, 8-3 \{ \}, 8-2 \{\}, 8-3 ^, 3-11, 8-2, 8-3 ^=, 3-11, 4-11 |, 3-11, 8-3 |=, 3-11, 4-11 ||, 3-11 ~, 3-11, 8-3, 8-4 access time, updating, 7-97 accessories, Paint (Open Desktop), 1-6 Accessories icon, 1-5, 1-6 accounting, running daily, 22-70 adb, 14-2 addition operator, 3-11 addresses, checking validity of, 16-7, 22-10 addressing, in sed, 11-3 admin, 14-4 Administration icon, 1-7 AIO, printing statistics, 22-2 aioinfo, 22-2 aiolkinit, 22-2 ale, 22-2 alias, 3-14 applications, running from Open Desktop, 1-2, 1-6 Applications icon, 1-6 ar, 14-5 archive files, converting to common formats, 14-17 archives, file, 14-5 arguments, evaluating as expressions, 7-36 arithmetic, converting numbers from one base to another, 7-5 arithmetic expressions, Korn shell, 3-10 arithmetic operators, C shell, 4-11 arrays, Korn shell, 3-10 as, 14-6 ASCII, converting binary records to, 22-35 asktime, 22-3 assemblers, Microsoft 8086/286/386, 14-52 assembly programs, debuggers, 14-69 assembly source files, translating into object files, 14-6 assign, 7-2 assign value operator, 4-11 assignment operators, 3-11 at, 7-2 atcronsh, 22-3 AT&T compiler, 14-59 audit data, analyzing, 22-68 audit records, producing for subsystem events, 22-23 audit subsystem, 22-4 auditcmd, 22-4 auditsh, 22-4 authck, 22-4 authckrc, 22-5 authentication database, checking internal consistency of, 22-4 authentication files, locking and updating, 22-2 authorizations, kernel;listing, 7-3; auths, 7-3 authsh, 22-5 autoboot, 22-6 autoload, 3-14 automated, backups, 22-73 automount, 18-4, 18-5 automounter, 18-4 awk, 7-4, 7-63, 12-1-12-12 backup, current unix, 22-42 backup dates, 7-79 backups, automated, 22-73 backupsh, 22-7 bad page tables, deleting entries from, 22-25 bad tracks, finding, 22-8 badtrk, 22-8 banner, 7-5 banners, printing, 7-5 basename, 7-5 bases, converting numbers between, 7-5 batch, job file, 22-66 bc, 7-5 bcheckrc, 22-8 bdiff, 7-8 bell, setting pitch and duration, 7-81 bfs, 7-8 bg, 3-15 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 17-3 biff, 17-6 big files, scanning, 7-8 binary inversion operator, 3-11 binary records, converting to formatted ASCII, 22-35 BIND, 17-4 biod, 18-7 bitwise AND operator, 3-11 bitwise exclusive OR operator, 3-11 bitwise left shift operator, 3-11 bitwise OR operator, 3-11 bitwise right shift operator, 3-11 blank lines, reducing in files, 7-78 block I/O operations, increasing performance on remote filesys- tems, 18-7 bootpd, 17-6 borders, screen;setting color of, 7-80 Bourne shell, 3-1-3-34, 3-3 brc, 22-9 break, 3-15 btldinstall, 22-9 built-in commands, Bourne and Korn shell, 3-12 buttons, Open Desktop, 1-5 C, compiling source files, 14-7 C shell, 3-3 cal, 7-9 calculator, 7-24 calendar, command, 7-9 call, another system, 7-20 cancel, 7-9 case, 3-15 cat, 7-9 cb, 14-6 cc, 14-7 cd, 3-16 cdc, 14-13 cflow, 14-13 characters, counting, 7-108 chat scripts, 19-3 checkaddr, 16-7, 22-10 checkboxes, Open Desktop, 1-5 checkmail, 7-10 checkque, 16-7, 22-10 checksum, calculating, 7-89 checkup, 16-8, 22-10 chgrp, 7-10 chkshlib, 14-13 chmod, 7-11 chown, 7-12 chtype, 22-11 cleanque, 16-8, 22-11 cleantmp, 22-11 clear, 7-12 client handles, NFS, creating, 18-13 clipboard, Open Desktop, 1-9 clock, Open Desktop, 1-5 cmchk, 7-12 cmp, 7-13 cnvtmbox, 16-8, 22-11 code, finding fragments in files, 14-20 CodeView, 14-14 codeview;, 14-14 col, 7-13 color, Open Desktop, 1-7 columns, splitting text into, 7-67 comb, 14-16 comm, 7-13 command history, Korn shell, 3-11 commands, built-in;Bourne and Korn shell, 3-12 comments, in sed scripts, 11-5 compacting, files, 7-66 comparing, directories, 7-28 compilers, AT&T, 14-59 compiling, C source files, 14-7 compress, 7-14, 14-16 compressing, files, 14-16 compressing files, 7-14 comsat, 17-8 configuration files, kernel, 22-41 configure, 22-12 configuring, kernel, 22-12 connections, by modem, 19-6 console, displaying system messages on, 22-24 consoleprint, 22-16 continue, 3-16 Controls icon, 1-2, 1-7 conv, 14-17 convert, 14-17 converting, DOS files to UNIX files, 7-32 coprocesses, Korn shell, 3-6 copy, 7-14 copy protection daemon, 17-8 copying, directory, 7-14 cp, 7-15 cpd, 17-8 cpio, 7-15 cpio Archive/Interchange File Format, 7-68 cpp, 14-18 cprs, 14-20 cps, 22-16 CPU load status, displaying, 7-62 creation mode mask, 7-100 cron, administration utility, 22-3 crontab, 7-17 cross linker, DOS, 14-34 cross linkers, OS/2, 14-57 cross-reference tables, C, generating, 14-62 cross-references, 14-22 crypt, 7-18 cscope, 14-20 csh, 7-18 .cshrc file, example, 4-9 csplit, 7-18 ct, 7-19 ctags, 7-19, 14-20 ctrace, 14-21 cu, 7-20, 19-6 current events, 7-64 current working directory, printing pathname of;, 7-74 cursor, movement commands, SCO Shell, 5-8 curves, interpolating smooth, 7-85 custom, 16-6, 22-16 customizing, Open Desktop, 1-2 cut, 7-22 cxref, 14-22 daemons, 15-2 DARPA protocol port numbers, converting into RPC program numbers, 18-18 data, displaying profile, 14-48, 14-58 data formats, converting files, 7-25 date, 7-22 dates, access;changing, 22-75 dbm files, 18-3 dbmbuild, 16-8, 22-17 dbmedit, 16-9, 22-17 dbXtra, 14-23 dbxtra, 14-27 dc, 7-24 dcopy, 22-18 dd, 7-25 deassign, 7-26 deassign devices, 7-26 debuggers, adb, 14-2 debugging, and UUCP, 19-13 decimal, displaying files in, 7-46 decoding, files, 19-10 deleting, directories, 7-78 deliver, 16-10, 22-19 delta, 14-33 delta comments, changing in SCCS files, 14-13 dependency instructions, updating targets according to, 14-49 description files, updating targets according to, 14-49 device drivers, building new kernel after installation, 22-49 device files, associated with peripheral devices, 22-55 devices, assigning, 7-2 Devices file, 19-4 devnm, 7-26 df, 7-26 dfsck, 22-20 dfspace, 7-27 dial, 22-20 Dialcodes file, 19-5 Dialers file, 19-4 dialing, modems, 19-7, 22-20 diff, 7-27 diff3, 7-28 dig, 17-8 dircmp, 7-28 direct automounter maps, 18-5 directories, changing, 7-10; dirname, 7-29 dis, 14-34 disable, 7-29 disabling, printers, 7-29 disassemble object or archive files, 14-34 disk, changing hard disk characteristics, 22-23 disk accounting, 22-21 disk partitions, maintaining, 22-26 disk space, reporting, 7-26, 7-27 disk storage, common commands for, 6-4 diskcmp, 7-29 diskcp, 7-30 diskettes, formatting, 7-31 disks, 7-30 diskusg, 22-21 display, clear, 7-12 displaypkg, 22-22 dividing, disk partitions, 22-22 division operator, 3-11 divvy, 22-22 dkinit, 22-23 dlvr_audit, 22-23 dmesg, 22-24 DNS, 17-4 do, 3-16 Domain Information Groper, 17-8 domain names, 17-4 domainname, 18-7 domains, NIS, 18-3 done, 3-16 DOS, accessing from Open Desktop, 1-2 DOS icon, 1-2, 1-5 doscat, 7-30 doscp, 7-30 dosdir, 7-31 dosformat, 7-31 dosld, 14-34 dosls, 7-31 dosmkdir, 7-31 dosrm, 7-31 dosrmdir, 7-31 dparam, 22-24 dtox, 7-32 dtype, 7-32 du, 7-33 dump, 14-35 dumpmsg, 14-36 duplicate lines, removing, 7-101 ecc, 22-25 eccd, 22-25 echo, 3-16, 7-33 ed, 7-33 edit, 7-34 Edit icon, 1-2, 1-5, 1-9 editing, files;from SCO Shell, 5-6 editors, ed, 7-33 EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol), 17-3 egrep, 7-34 eisa, 22-25 EISA, reporting boards installed on, 22-25 electronic mail, 16-1-16-15 e-mail, (see electronic mail) enable, 7-35 enabling, terminals, 7-35 encoding files, 19-11 encrypting, files, 7-18 encryption keys, generating, 22-54 env, 7-35 environment, displaying current, 7-35 environment variables, C shell, 4-10 equality operator, 3-11 error logger daemon, STREAMS, 22-77 error logger directory, STREAMS, 22-76 error message files, 14-56 esac, 3-17 /etc/devnm, 7-26 /etc/dfspace, 7-27 etc/passwd.yp, 18-27 eval, 3-17 ex, 7-35, 10-2 ex editor, 10-1-10-11 exec, 3-17 exit, 3-17 exiting, vi, 9-7 expanding, files, 7-102 expiration, password, 7-70 export, 3-18 exportfs, 18-7 expr, 7-36 expressions, C shell, 4-11 .exrc file, 9-14 factor, 7-38 factors, prime, producing, 7-38 false, 3-18, 7-38 fc, 3-18 fdisk, 22-26 fdswap, 22-27 ff, 22-27 fg, 3-19 fgrep, 7-38 fi, 3-19 FIFO special files, 7-59 file, 7-39 file creation mode mask, 7-100 file permissions, correcting, 22-28 filenames, and pattern matching, 8-2 files, adding line numbers to, 7-65 filesystem, identifying processes using, 22-35 filesystems, 22-34 filters, administering, 22-52 find, 7-39 Find icon, 1-5 finding, files, 7-39; findstr, 14-37 finger, 7-42, 17-10 fingerd, 17-10 fixhdr, 7-42 fixmog, 22-28 fixperm, 22-28 floppy disks, comparing contents of, 7-29 floppy drives, swapping default boot, 22-27 flowgraphs, generating C, 14-61 fold, 7-43 font mode, setting for video devices, 7-106 fonts, Open Desktop, 1-8 for, 3-19 format, 7-43 formats, print, 7-69 formatting, diskettes, 7-31 FORTRAN, debugging, 14-69 freezing, screen;Open Desktop, 1-7 fsave, 22-30 fsck, 22-31 fsdb, 22-33 fsname, 22-34 fsphoto, 22-34 fsstat, 22-35 fstyp, 22-35 ftp, 17-10 ftpd, 17-15 function, 3-19 function calls, producing flowchart of, 14-13 function keys, assigning, 7-81 function names, creating list of defined, 14-20 fuser, 22-35 fwtmp, 22-35 gated, 17-16, 17-4 gateway routing daemon, 17-16 gateways, 17-3 gawk, 12-2 gencat, 14-37 gencc, 14-37 get, 14-37 getid, 17-16 getmany, 17-17 getnext, 17-17 getone, 17-17 getopt, 7-44 getoptcvt, 7-44 getopts, 3-20 getroute, 17-17 gets, 7-44 gettable, 17-18 getty, 7-19 goodpw, 22-36 graph, 22-38 graphics, Paint accessory (Open Desktop), 1-6 graphs, drawing, 22-38 greater than operator, 3-11 greater than or equal to operator, 3-11 greek, 7-44 grep, 7-45 group file, verifying entries in, 22-39 group IDs, setting, 7-81 grpck, 22-39 haltsys, 22-39 hard disk, changing characteristics, 22-23 hardware, common commands, 20-3 hash, 3-20 hd, 7-46 head, 7-46 headers, changing, 7-42 hello, 7-47 HELLO protocol, 17-4 help, 14-39 Help icon, 1-10 Hewlett-Packard, handling special functions of 2640 series of terminals, 7-47 hexadecimal, displaying files in, 7-46 history, 3-20 home directory, Open Desktop, 1-10 host system, getting name of, 17-18 host tables, 17-18 hostname, 17-18 hosts, indicating whether remote can be reached, 17-30 hp, 7-47 htable, 17-18 hwconfig, 7-47 i286emul, 7-48 icons, Accessories, 1-5, 1-6 idaddld, 22-39 idbuild, 22-40 idcheck, 22-40 idconfig, 22-41 idinstall, 22-41 idleout, 22-42 idmkenv, 22-42 idmkinit, 22-42 idmknod, 22-42 idmkunix, 22-43 IDs, group, 7-81 idscsi, 22-43 idspace, 22-43 idtune, 22-43 idvidi, 22-44 if, 3-20 ifconfig, 17-19, 17-5 imake, 14-39 indents, in Open Desktop, 1-9 indirect automounter maps, 18-5 inequality operator, 3-11 inetd, 17-20 infocmp, 22-44 init, executing inittab commands, 22-45 initcond, 22-45 initializing, recording mechanism, 22-65 initscript, 22-45 inittab, commands;executing, 22-45 inittab specifications, 22-42 insertmsg, 14-44 install, 22-45 installation, common commands, 20-1 installations, checking accuracy of, 22-61 installed packages, displaying, 22-22 installf, 22-46 installing, software, 22-16, 22-47 installpkg, 22-47 integer, 3-21 integrity, 22-47 Internet, Boot Protocol server, 17-6 Internet domain name server, 17-23 Internet File Transfer Protocol server, 17-15 Internet services daemon, 17-20 I/O daemons, 18-7 IP addresses, 17-2 ipcrm, 22-47 ipcs, 22-48 ismpx, 7-49 ISO 7-layer Model, 17-2 job control, 3-33 job files, 22-66 jobs, 3-21 join, 7-49 joining, lines, 7-49 jsh, 3-33 kbmode, 22-48 kernel, authorizations;listing, 7-3; kernels, building, 22-44 keyboard, mode;setting, 22-48 keyclick option, 7-80 keys, assigning, 7-81 kill, 3-21, 7-50 killall, 22-48 killing, processes, 7-50, 22-48 Korn shell, 3-1-3-34, 3-3 ksh, 3-33 labelit, 22-49 labels, providing for filesystems, 22-49 last, 7-50 layers, 7-51 lckclnt, 18-8 ld, 14-44 ldsocket, 17-21 less than operator, 3-11 less than or equal to operator, 3-11 let, 3-22 lex, 14-45 lexical analysis program, generating, 14-45 libraries, shared;creating, 14-54 line, 7-51 line counts, file, 7-108 line disciplines, adding/removing from kernel configuration files, 22-39 line numbers, adding to files, 7-65 line printer daemon, 17-22 line-oriented text editors, 7-34, 7-35 lines, breaking at specified width, 7-43 link, 22-49 link editor, 14-44 linkers, 14-57 linking, between UNIX and DOS, 14-34 links, creating for files, 7-51 link_unix, 22-49 lint, 14-46 list, 14-47, 16-11, 22-49 listener processes, administering, 18-13, 22-58 lmail, 17-21 ln, 7-51 load, system;checking from Open Desktop, 1-2, 1-6 load status, displaying, 7-62 local networks, listing users logged in on, 17-38 lock, 7-52 lock daemon, 18-8 Lock icon, 1-7 lock manager client handles, 18-8 lockd, 18-8 locking, Open Desktop screen, 1-2 locking services, 18-21 locking your screen, Open Desktop, 1-7 log, system;adding entries to, 17-21 log files, UUCP, 19-12 logger, 17-21 logging in, 7-52, 22-68 logging out, idle users, 22-42 logical AND operator, 3-11 logical negation operator, 3-11 logical OR operator, 3-11 login, 7-52 logins, indicating last, 7-50 lorder, 14-47 lp, 7-53 lpadmin, 22-49 lpd, 17-22 lpfilter, 22-52 lpforms, 22-53 lpmove, 22-53 lpr, 7-54 lprint, 7-55 lprof, 14-48 lpsched, 22-54 lpsh, 22-54 lpshut, 22-54 lpstat, 7-55 ls, 7-55 LUID, 22-74 machid, 7-57 machines, returning true values of, 7-57 macro names, creating list of defined, 14-20 macros, create list of macro names, 7-19 magnetic tape, dumping, 7-94 mail, 16-1, 16-2-16-3, 22-20 mail lists, channel program for, 16-11, 22-49 mailboxes, converting between XENIX and MMDF format, 16-8, 22-11 major device numbers, listing, 22-54 majorsinuse, 22-54 make, 14-49 makedbm, 18-3, 18-9 makefiles, updating files, 22-45 makekey, 22-54 man, 7-57 manual pages, displaying on-line, 7-57 map2ascii, 18-10 maps, automounter, 18-5 mar, 14-52 masm, 14-52 master automounter maps, 18-5 mcart, 7-58 mconnect, 17-23 mcs, 14-54 memory locking permissions, AIO, 22-2 menu bar, Open Desktop, 1-3 menu map, SCO Shell, 5-10 menumerge, 22-55 menus, Open Desktop, 1-4 mesg, 7-59 message catalogue, archive and library maintainer, 14-52 message files, merging messages with message database file., 14- 37 message queues, removing, 22-47 message source files, generating, 14-36 messages, inserting into files, 7-75 metacharacters, 3-3 Micnet, administering, 17-24, 22-57 microchannel configuration registers, reading, 7-83 Microsoft 8086/286/386 assembler, 14-52 mkdev, 22-55 mkdir, 7-59 mkfifo, 7-59 mkfs, 22-56 mkhosts, 17-23 mknod, 7-59 mkshlib, 14-54 mkstr, 14-56 MMDF, 16-6-16-12 mmdf, 22-57 MMDF, amount of mail waiting in queue, 16-7, 22-10 mnt, 7-60 modems, calling systems with, 19-6 modification time, updating, 7-97 modulus operator, 3-11 more, 7-61, 7-66 mount, 18-11, 22-57 mountall, 22-57 mountd, 18-12, 18-2 mounting, filesystems, 7-60, 18-2, 22-57, 22-74; mounts, remote, 18-20 mouse, mapping mouse input to keystrokes, 7-102 Mouse icon, 1-7 moving, directories, 7-63 mpstat, 7-62 mscreen, 7-63 multiple, filesystems;unmounting, 22-81 multiple files, in vi, 9-7 multiple filesystems, mounting, 18-15, 22-57 multiplication operator, 3-11 multiscreens utility, 7-63 multiuser environment, running commands for, 22-67 mv, 7-63 mvdir, 22-57 name, searching Internet directory for, 7-110 name directory service, 17-55 name list, printing for object files, 14-57 name service, 17-4 named, 17-23 naming conventions, files;in SCO Shell, 5-7 nawk, 7-63, 12-2 netconfig, 17-23, 17-5, 22-57 netstat, 17-24 netutil, 17-24, 22-57 network, configuring, 17-19 network lock daemon, 18-8 network status, showing, 17-24 Network Time Protocol daemon, 17-55 Network Time Protocol query program, 17-27 networking, commands;table of commonly-used, 15-2 networks, local;listing users logged in on, 17-38 newform, 7-64 newgrp, 3-22 news, 7-64 NFS, 18-1-18-28 nfs, 18-12 NFS, administering, 18-2 nfsclnt, 18-13 nfsd, 18-13, 18-2 nfsstat, 18-13 NIC databases, processing into channel/domain tables, 22-58 NIC host tables, converting, 17-18 nice, 7-65 nictable, 22-58 NIS, 18-3-18-28 nl, 7-65 nlsadmin, 18-13, 22-58 nm, 14-57 nmountall, 18-15 node name commands, making, 17-23 nodes, reading specifications of, 22-42 nohup, 3-22, 7-66 nslookup, 17-24 NTP, setting date, 17-26 ntpdate, 17-26 ntpq, 17-27 numbers, converting;from one base to another, 7-5; numountall, 18-15 object filenames, output related pairs, 14-47 object files, combining into a single executable object module, 14-44 octal, displaying files in, 7-46 on command, 18-15 on-line, reference manuals, 7-57 Open Desktop, Accessories icon, 1-5, 1-6 operators, awk, 12-5 options, parsing, 7-44 OS/2 cross linker, 14-57 os2ld, 14-57 overwriting, files, 7-73 ownership, file;changing, 7-10, 7-11, 7-12 pack, 7-66 packages, as input to pkgadd, 22-62 packed files, 7-67 packets, tracing route taken by, 17-53 page, 7-66 paging, reporting statistics, 7-107 Paint accessory (Open Desktop), 1-6 parameters, outputting values of tunable, 22-79 parsing, command options, 7-44 passmgmt, 18-15 passwd, 7-66, 19-5 password files, checking, 22-66 passwords, changing, 7-66; paste, 7-67 pathnames, printing, 7-29 pattern addressing, in sed, 11-3 pattern matching, 8-1-8-6 pcat, 7-67 pcnfsd, 18-17 pcpio, 7-67 peripheral devices, device files associated with, 22-55 permissions, 22-28 Permissions file, 19-3 pg, 7-69 ping, 17-30 pipe, 22-59 pipes, pipe filesystems, 22-59 pixmaps, Open Desktop, 1-8 pkgadd, 22-60 pkgask, 22-60 pkgchk, 22-61 pkginfo, 22-62 pkgmk, 22-62 pkgparam, 22-63 pkgproto, 22-64 pkgrm, 22-64 pkgtrans, 22-64 pointers, Open Desktop, 1-4 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 17-5 portability, make, 14-39 portmap, 18-18, 18-2 poster, printing characters as, 7-5 PPP, 17-5 ppp, 17-31 PPP, login shell, 17-31 pppd, 17-32 Preferences icon, 1-8 preprocessors, cpp, 14-18 prfdc, 22-65 prfld, 22-65 prfpr, 22-65 prfsnap, 22-66 prfstat, 22-66 prime factors, 7-38 print, 3-23 Print icon, 1-6 print request server, 18-17 printenv, 7-69 printers, turning off, 7-29 printf, 7-69 printing, administering forms used with print service, 22-53 priorities, changing, 7-65 processes, killing, 7-50, 22-48 prof, 14-58 profile data, displaying for object files, 14-58 programming, commands, alphabetical list of, 14-2-14-76 properties, file;listing from Open Desktop, 1-3 proto, 22-66 protocols, gateway, 17-3 prototype files, generating, 22-64 prs, 14-59 prwarn, 7-70 ps, 7-110, 7-70 pstat, 7-71 ptar, 7-72 purge, 7-73 pwck, 22-66 pwconv, 22-67 pwd, 3-23, 7-74 pwunconv, 22-67 queues, print;pring status, 7-55 quot, 7-74 quoting, C shell, 4-3 r, 3-23 radio buttons, Open Desktop, 1-5 random, 7-74 random numbers, generating, 7-74 rarpd, 17-32 rc0, 22-67 rc2, 22-67 rcc, 14-59 rcflow, 14-61 rcmd, 17-32 rcp, 7-74, 17-33 rcvalert, 7-75 rcvfile, 7-75 rcvprint, 7-76 rcvtrip, 7-76 rcxref, 14-62 rdate, 17-33 rdist, 17-33 read, 3-23 readonly, 3-24 real-time, setting, 22-74 reboot, 22-68 rebooting, system, 22-68 recording mechanism, initializing, 22-65 redirection, C shell, 4-4 reduce, 22-68 reducing audit data, 22-68 reference manuals, on-line, 7-57 regcmp, 14-63 regular expressions, compiling, 14-63 relax, 22-68 relogin, 22-68 remote, 7-76 remote execution server, 18-18 removef, 22-69 removepkg, 22-69 removing, files, 7-78; renaming, directories, 7-63 replacement patterns, metacharacters used in, 8-3 reports, paging and system statistics, 7-107 request strips, storing answers to, 22-60 resend, 7-77 resending, mail, 7-77 restore, 22-69 restoring, filesystems, 22-69 restricted shells, 3-34 return, 3-24 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol deamon, 17-32 rexd, 18-18 rexecd, 17-34 RIP gateways, querying, 17-35 RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 17-4 ripquery, 17-35 rksh, 3-34, 7-77 rlint, 14-63 rlogin, 17-36 rlogind, 17-36 rlpconf, 17-36 rm, 7-78 rmail, 16-11, 17-36, 22-70 rmb, 7-78 rmdel, 14-65 rmdir, 7-78 rmuser, 22-70 root, free space in, 22-43 route, 17-37 routed, 17-37, 17-4 routes, tracing, 17-53 routing, 17-3 routing daemon, 17-16, 17-37 routing tables, manipulating, 17-37 RPC, 18-4 rpcgen, 18-18 rpcinfo, 18-19 rsh, 3-34, 7-78 rshd, 17-38 runacct, 22-70 ruptime, 17-38 ruserd, 18-20 rwall, 18-20 rwho, 17-38 rwhod, 17-38 sa1, 22-71 sa2, 22-71 sact, 14-65 sadc, 22-71 sag, 22-71 sampling mechanism, enabling/disabling, 22-66 sar, 22-72 scanning, big files, 7-8 SCCS, 14-65 sccs, 14-68 SCCS, adding files to, 14-4 sccsdiff, 14-69 schedule, 22-73 scheduler, for UUCP, 19-12 SCO shell, 5-1-5-12 SCO Shell, directories, changing, 5-7 SCO shell, starting and stopping, 5-2 SCO Shell, using a mouse in, 5-4 scopaint, 1-6 screen, locking, 1-2 screens, clearing the display, 7-12 script, 17-39 sd, 22-74 sdb, 14-69, 14-70 sdd, 22-74 sddate, 7-79 sdiff, 7-79 search patterns, metacharacters used in, 8-3 searching, common commands for, 6-3 security, 22-38 sed, 7-80, 11-1-11-11 select, 3-24 semaphore set, removing, 22-47 sendmail, 16-12-16-15, 17-39 serial line communications, 17-5 Serial Line IP (SLIP), 17-5 serial lines, attaching as network interfaces, 17-40 server daemons, 18-13 servers, NIS, 18-3 set, 3-25 setany, 17-39 setclock, 22-74 setcolor, 7-80 setcolour, 7-80 setkey, 7-81 setmnt, 22-74 settime, 22-75 sfmt, 22-75 sg, 7-81 sh, 3-33 shadow password file, 22-67 shared memory identifiers, removing, 22-47 shell, overview, 2-1-2-6 shell scripts, 2-3 shells, Bourne, 3-1-3-34; shift, 3-26 shl, 7-82 showmoung, 18-20 shutdown, 22-75 shutting down, system, 22-39, 22-68, 22-75 sink, 17-39 sinkd, 17-39 size, 14-73 slattach, 17-40 sleep, 7-83 slink, 17-40 SLIP, 17-5 slot, 7-83 smmck, 22-76 SMTP, connecting to mail server socket, 17-23 snmp, 17-41 SNMP, daemon, 17-41 snmpd, 17-41 snmpstat, 17-42 socket configuration, loading, 17-21 software, displaying package information, 22-62 software development, (see programming) software installation database, adding files to, 22-46 software modifications, listing, 7-89 sort, 7-83 sorting, lines in files, 7-83 special characters, in shells, 3-3 special files, building, 7-59 spell, 7-84 spline, 7-85 split, 7-86 splitting, files, 7-86 standard input, duplicating, 7-96 statd, 18-21 status monitor, network, 18-21 staus server, 17-38 stop, 3-27 storage, common commands for, 6-4 strace, 22-76 strclean, 22-76 STREAMS, error logger daemon, 22-77 streams linker, 17-40 strerr, 22-77 strings, 7-86 strip, 14-73 stty, 7-86 su, 7-89 submit, 16-11, 22-77 subrtraction operator, 3-11 sulogin, 22-78 sum, 7-89 Sun Yellow Pages (YP), 18-3 super block, updating, 22-78 super user, 7-89 suspend, 3-27 swap, 22-78 swap state, 22-27 swconfig, 7-89 sync, 22-78 syntax, C shell, 4-2 sysadmmenu files, merging, 22-55 sysadmsh, 21-1-21-10, 22-79 sysdef, 22-79 Sysfiles file, 19-5 syslogd, 17-42 system, 22-41 system activity graph, 22-71 system activity report package, 22-71, 22-72 system administration, commands, 22-2-22-83 system adminstration, providing control for, 22-81 system files, examining against authentication database, 22-47 system log, adding entries to, 17-21 system messages, displaying on consoles, 22-24 system profiler, collecting data, 22-66 tab stops, setting, 7-90 tabs, 7-90 tail, 7-90 talk, 17-42 talkd, 17-43 tape, 7-91 tape archives, processing, 7-72 tape control, 7-93 tapecntl, 7-93 tapedump, 7-94 tar, 7-94 tbl, filter, 7-13 tcbck, 22-79 tcp, 17-43 TCP, starting and stopping, 17-43 TCP/IP, 17-1-17-62 tee, 7-96 telnet, 17-44 telnetd, 17-50 temporary files, removing from directories, 22-11 terminal capability, printing value of, 7-97 Terminal Control database, creating entries, 22-80 terminal modes, setting, 7-99 terminal session, making typescript of, 17-39 terminals, clear display, 7-12 terminfo, printing descriptions, 22-44 terminfo compiler, 7-96 termupd, 22-80 test, 3-27, 7-96 text, changing;in vi, 9-6 text editors, ed, 7-33, 7-35 text processing, common commands for, 6-4 tftp, 17-50 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), user interface to, 17-50 tftpd, 17-51 tic, 7-96 time, 3-29, 7-97 time server daemon, 17-52 timed, 17-52 timedc, 17-52 times, 3-29 timex, 22-80 timing a command, 22-80 tools, Open Desktop, 1-5 topological sort, 7-100 topological sorts, 14-74 touch, 7-97 tplot, 22-80 tput, 7-97 tr, 7-98 trace messages, printing, 22-76 traceroute, 17-53 transferring, file;with ftp, 17-10 translate, 7-98 translating, characters, 7-98; transliterate protocol trace, 17-54 trap, 3-29 trap_rece, 17-53 traps, receiving, 17-53 trap_send, 17-53 trash directory, Open Desktop, 1-3 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP), server, 17-51 trpt, 17-54 true, 7-99 trusted computing base, checking, 22-79 tset, 7-99 tsort, 7-100, 14-74 tty, 7-100 tty lines, attaching as network interfaces, 17-40 ttyupd, 22-81 tunable parameters, outputting values of, 22-79 turning on, printers, 7-35 type, 3-30 typescript, of terminal session, 17-39 typeset, 3-30 uadmin, 22-81 ulimit, 3-31 umask, 3-31, 7-100 umnt, 7-101 umount, 18-11, 18-21, 22-81 umountall, 22-81 unalias, 3-31 uname, 7-101 unary minus operator, 3-11 uncompress, 7-101 uncompressing files, 7-101 unget, 14-74 uniq, 7-101 units, 7-102 UNIX, accessing from Open Desktop, 1-2, 1-6 UNIX 80286, emulating, 7-48 UNIX icon, 1-2 unlink, 22-81 unlinking, directories, 22-81 unmounting, filesystems, 7-101, 18-21, 22-74, 22-81; unpack, 7-102 unretire, 22-82 unset, 3-32 until, 3-32 updating files, 22-45 uptime, 7-102 usemouse, 7-102 user commands, alphabetical listing of, 7-1-7-112 user name server, 18-20 users, access single-user mode, 22-78 utilities, running;from SCO Shell, 5-8 uuchat, 19-7 uucheck, 19-8 uucico, 19-5, 19-8 uuclean, 19-8 uucp, 7-104 UUCP, 19-1-19-14 uucp, 19-9 UUCP, administering, 19-2 uucpd, 17-54 uudecode, 19-10 uudemon, 19-10 uuencode, 19-11 uuinstall, 19-11 uulist, 16-12, 19-11 uulog, 19-12 uuname, 19-12 uusched, 19-12 uustat, 19-12 uutry, 19-13 uux, 19-14 uuxqt, 19-14 val, 14-74 variables, awk, 12-6 vc, 14-74 vectors, displaying list of current, 22-82 vectorsinuse, 22-82 vedit, 7-105 version control, SCCS, 14-74 vi, 7-105, 9-2 vi editor, 7-105, 9-1-9-14 vi editor:, set command, 9-11 video mode, setting, 7-106 vidi, 7-106 view, 7-107 vmstat, 7-107 volcopy, 22-82 w, 7-108 wait, 3-32, 7-108 wall, 22-82 warnings, password expiration, 7-70 wc, 7-108 what, 14-75 whence, 3-32 while, 3-32 who, 7-109, 7-110 whodo, 7-110 whois, 7-110, 17-55 width, line, 7-43 windows, Open Desktop, 1-3-1-4 word counts, file, 7-108 write, 7-110 write messages, changing permission of, 7-59 writing, messages to users, 22-82 wtinit, 22-82 wtmp files, correcting, 22-83 wtmpfix, 22-83 x286emul, 7-110 xargs, 7-111 XDR, 18-4 XENIX, printing or changing filesystems names, 22-34 XENIX 80286, emulating, 7-110 xntpd, 17-55 xntpdc, 17-58 xstr, 14-75 xtod, 7-111 xtract, 7-112 yacc, 14-76 yes, 7-112 ypbind, 18-21 ypcat, 18-22 ypinit, 18-22, 18-3 ypmake, 18-22, 18-3 ypmapxlate, 18-23 ypmatch, 18-23 yppassmgmt, 18-23 yppasswd, 18-25 yppasswdd, 18-25 yppoll, 18-25 yppush, 18-25, 18-3 ypserv, 18-26 ypset, 18-26 ypshad2pwd, 18-27 ypwhich, 18-27 ypxfr, 18-27, 18-3 ypxfrd, 18-28