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A Rulebook for Arguments is a succinct introduction to the art of writing and assessing arguments, organized around specific rules, each illustrated and explained soundly but briefly. This widely popular primer - translated into eight languages - remains the first choice in all disciplines for writers who seek straightforward guidance about how to assess arguments and how to cogently construct them.
The fourth edition offers a revamped and more tightly focused approach to extended arguments, a new chapter on oral arguments, and updated examples and topics throughout.
"What's the point of arguing?" So begins a concise, but dense with examples, examination of the logic of argumentation<-->moving from general rules in composing a brief argument to writing an argumentative essay. Lacks an index, information on the author, and dates of previous editions. Suitable as a supplementary text. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
More Reviews and Recommendations"What's the point of arguing?" So begins a concise, but dense with examples, examination of the logic of argumentation<-->moving from general rules in composing a brief argument to writing an argumentative essay. Lacks an index, information on the author, and dates of previous editions. Suitable as a supplementary text. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
This is the ultimate 'how-to' book for anyone who wants to use reasons and evidence in support of conclusions, to be clear instead of confusing, persuasive instead of dogmatic, and better at evaluating the arguments of others. No one outgrows its forty-five timeless rules, all explained and illustrated with vivid examples. The fourth edition, even more elegantly organized and concise than before, adds new material on oral presentations and Web sources that everyone needs. (Debra Nails, Michigan State University)
| Preface | ix | |
| Introduction | xi | |
| I. | Composing a Short Argument: Some General Rules | 1 |
| 1. | Distinguish premises and conclusion | 1 |
| 2. | Present your ideas in a natural order | 3 |
| 3. | Start from reliable premises | 4 |
| 4. | Be concrete and concise | 5 |
| 5. | Avoid loaded language | 6 |
| 6. | Use consistent terms | 7 |
| 7. | Stick to one meaning for each term | 8 |
| II. | Arguments by Example | 10 |
| 8. | Give more than one example | 11 |
| 9. | Use representative examples | 12 |
| 10. | Background information is crucial | 14 |
| 11. | Consider counterexamples | 17 |
| III. | Arguments by Analogy | 19 |
| 12. | Analogy requires a relevantly similar example | 21 |
| IV. | Arguments from Authority | 24 |
| 13. | Sources should be cited | 25 |
| 14. | Seek informed sources | 26 |
| 15. | Seek impartial sources | 28 |
| 16. | Cross-check sources | 30 |
| 17. | Personal attacks do not disqualify a source | 30 |
| V. | Arguments about Causes | 32 |
| 18. | Explain how cause leads to effect | 33 |
| 19. | Propose the most likely cause | 35 |
| 20. | Correlated events are not necessarily related | 36 |
| 21. | Correlated events may have a common cause | 36 |
| 22. | Either of two correlated events may cause the other | 38 |
| 23. | Causes may be complex | 38 |
| VI. | Deductive Arguments | 40 |
| 24. | Modus Ponens | 41 |
| 25. | Modus Tollens | 42 |
| 26. | Hypothetical Syllogism | 44 |
| 27. | Disjunctive Syllogism | 46 |
| 28. | Dilemma | 47 |
| 29. | Reductio ad absurdum | 48 |
| 30. | Deductive arguments in several steps | 50 |
| VII. | Composing an Argumentative Essay | |
| A. | Exploring the Issue | 53 |
| A1. | Explore the arguments on all sides of the issue | 54 |
| A2. | Question and defend each argument's premises | 56 |
| A3. | Revise and rethink arguments as they emerge | 57 |
| VIII. | Composing an Argumentative Essay | |
| B. | Main Points of the Essay | 59 |
| B1. | Explain the question | 59 |
| B2. | Make a definite claim or proposal | 60 |
| B3. | Develop your arguments fully | 61 |
| B4. | Consider objections | 62 |
| B5. | Consider alternatives | 63 |
| IX. | Composing an Argumentative Essay | |
| C. | Writing | 64 |
| C1. | Follow your outline | 64 |
| C2. | Keep the introduction brief | 65 |
| C3. | Give your arguments one at a time | 65 |
| C4. | Clarify, clarify, clarify | 67 |
| C5. | Support objections with arguments | 68 |
| C6. | Don't claim more than you have shown | 69 |
| X. | Fallacies | 71 |
| The Two Great Fallacies | 71 | |
| Some Classical Fallacies | 73 | |
| Appendix | Definition | 79 |
| D1. | When terms are unclear, get specific | 80 |
| D2. | When terms are contested, work from the clear cases | 82 |
| D3. | Don't expect definitions to do the work of arguments | 84 |
| Next Steps | 86 |
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