Table of Contents
Preface xiii
List of Contributors xv
Brain Edward J. Escott, MD Andrew G. Bleicher, MD Jawad Tsay, MD Melissa Kang, MD Parvez Masood, MD Sunayna Bakaya, MD
Tumor and Tumor-like Lesions
Peripherally Enhancing Cystic Brain Lesions 3
Metastases versus Primary Brain Neoplasms 5
Intraventricular Neoplasms 8
Tumefactive Demyelination 12
Posterior Fossa Neoplasms in Children 14
Posterior Fossa Cystic Neoplasms 17
Cerebellopontine Angle Lesions 20
Posterior Fossa Cysts and Cerebellar Malformations 23
Meningeal Enhancement 26
Sellar and Parasellar Lesions 28
Dermoid Cysts and Lipomas 33
Pineal Region Lesions 36
Vascular
Arterial Infarcts versus Venous Infarcts 39
Bilateral Thalamic Lesions 41
Intracranial Hemorrhages 44
Perivascular Spaces versus Lacunar Infarcts 47
Infection
Intracranial Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 50
Miscellaneous
Hyperdense and Calcified Lesions on Computed Tomography 54
Corpus Callosum Lesions 57
Abnormal Basal Ganglia Signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging 59
Hydrocephalus 61
Restricted Diffusion 63
Head and Neck Edward J. Escott, MD Sunayna Bakaya, MD Andrew G. Bleicher, MD Mohsin Rahman, MD Melissa Kang, MD
Skull
Focal Calvarial Lesions 67
Diffuse Calvarial Lesions 69
Skull Base
Skull Base Lesions 71
Jugular Foramen Lesions 74
Sinonasal Region
Sinonasal Lesions 77
Abnormal Sinus Density and Signal 79
Orbit
Orbital Vascular Lesions 81
Orbital Lymphoproliferative and Inflammatory Disorders 83
Optic Nerve-Sheath Complex Lesions 86
Lacrimal Gland Lesions 88
Salivary Gland
Salivary Gland Lesions 91
Thyroid Lesions and Calcifications
Thyroid Diseases and Lesions 94
Carotid Space
Carotid Space Masses 96
Congenital Cystic Neck Masses
Congenital Cystic Neck Masses 100
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Node Disease 103
Ear and Temporal Bone
Ear and Temporal Bone Lesions 106
Larynx
Vocal Cord Lesions and Paralysis 109
Carcinomas and Neoplasms
Head and Neck Cancer 111
Lymphoma 113
Radiation Changes 115
Chest Kavita Garg, MD
Patterns and Signs
The Mosaic Pattern of Lung Attenuation 119
The Tree-in-Bud Pattern 121
Ground-Glass Opacity 124
The Halo Sign 126
The Crazy-Paving Pattern 128
The Angiogram Sign 130
The Feeding Vessel Sign 131
Airways
Bronchiectasis 132
Tracheobronchomalacia 134
Asthma and Associated Conditions 135
Emphysema 136
Mediastinum
Differential Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses Based on Common Sites of Origin 137
Pulmonary Parenchyma
High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease 141
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia 143
Cystic Lung Disease 146
Pneumoconiosis 147
Radiation and Drug-Induced Lung Disease 150
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 153
Lung Transplantation 156
Pleural Effusions 159
Pericardial Effusion 161
Pulmonary Embolism 162
Aortic Dissection Eugene Lin, MD 164
Cardiac Aneurysms and Abnormalities Eugene Lin, MD 167
Abdomen Eugene Lin, MD David Alexander, MD
Liver
Overview of Liver Lesions 171
Hypervascular Liver Lesions 177
Liver Lesions with Delayed/Prolonged Enhancement 181
Liver Lesions with Central Scar 183
Cystic Liver Lesions 185
Calcified Liver Lesions 187
Hemorrhagic Liver Lesions 189
Liver Lesions with Macroscopic Fat 191
Liver Lesions with Microscopic Fat 193
Liver Lesions with Hyperintensity on T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 194
Liver Lesions with Hypointensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 196
Transient Hepatic Attenuation Difference 197
Hepatic Capsular Retraction 199
Periportal Halo 201
Liver Lesions with Supraparamagnetic Iron Oxide Uptake 202
Diffuse Liver Disease 203
Cirrhosis 204
Mimics of Cirrhosis 206
Bile ducts
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Pitfalls 207
Pancreas
Cystic Pancreatic Lesions 208
Hypervascular Pancreatic Lesions 211
Focal Chronic Pancreatitis versus Pancreatic Cancer 212
Pancreatic Lymphoma versus Carcinoma 213
Spleen
Splenic Lesions 214
Adrenals
Adrenal Adenoma versus Metastasis 218
Adrenal Lesions with Macroscopic Fat 221
Cushing Syndrome 222
Hyperaldosteronism 224
Kidneys
Hyperdense Renal Lesions 225
Renal Lesions with Fat 226
Angiomyolipomas with Minimal Fat 227
Renal Parenchyma with Hypointensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 228
Renal Infarction versus Pyelonephritis 230
Bowel
Imaging Signs of the Bowel 231
Diverticulitis versus Colon Cancer 233
Perforated Appendicitis 235
Epiploic Appendagitis versus Omental Infarction 236
Peritoneum/Retroperitoneum
Solid Peritoneal Masses 237
Cystic Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Masses 241
Peritoneal Calcification 243
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis 244
Pelvis Eugene Lin, MD
Uterus
The Differential Diagnosis of Leiomyomas 247
Uterine Sarcomas 249
Endometrial Carcinoma versus Polyp 251
Septate versus Bicornuate Uterus 252
Ovaries
Ovarian versus Uterine Origin of a Pelvic Mass 253
Benign versus Malignant Ovarian Mass 254
Ovarian Lesions with Hyperintensity on T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 255
Ovarian Lesions with Hypointensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 256
Perineum
Periurethral and Vaginal Cysts 257
Prostate
Prostatic Cysts 259
Musculoskeletal Eugene Lin, MD
Bone lesions
Bone Lesions with Low Hypointensity on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 263
Benign Bone Lesions with Surrounding Edema 264
Bone Lesions with Fluid-Fluid Levels 265
Enchondroma versus Chondrosarcoma 266
Osteochondroma versus Chondrosarcoma 267
Soft tissue lesions
Malignant versus Benign Soft Tissue Lesions 268
Cystic-Appearing Soft Tissue Masses 269
Soft Tissue Lesions with Fluid-Fluid Levels 270
Lipoma versus Liposarcoma 271
Nerve Sheath Tumors 272
Bone marrow
Osteomyelitis versus Neuropathic Arthropathy in the Diabetic Foot 273
Subchondral Bone Marrow Edema 274
Joints
Synovial Chondromatosis versus Rice Bodies 276
Hypointense Synovium on T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 277
Knee
Increased Meniscal Signal Not Related to Tear 279
Meniscal Tear without Signal Extending to the Articular Surface 281
Absent Bow-Tie Sign 282
Meniscal Extrusion 283
Medial Fluid Collections around the Knee 284
Fluid Collections around the Posterior Cruciate Ligament 286
Shoulder
Increased Signal in the Rotator Cuff Not Related to Full-Thickness Tear 287
Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Tear versus Sublabral Recess 288
Abnormal Signal in the Rotator Cuff Muscles 290
Spine Edward J. Escott, MD Andrew G. Bleicher, MD
Vertebrae
Focal Vertebral Lesions 295
Diffusely Abnormal Marrow Signal on Magnetic Resonance Imaging 297
Benign versus Pathologic (Neoplastic) Fracture 299
Posterior Element Lesions 301
Posterior Vertebral Body Scalloping 304
Spinal Canal Lesions
Lesions within the Spinal Canal 305
Intradural Extramedullary Lesions 307
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions 310
Infectious and Degenerative Processes
Diskitis/Osteomyelitis, Degenerative Disease, and Scar 312
Index 315
