Model-Based Software Testing and Analysis with C#: A Model-based Approach using SpecExplorer by Jonathan Jacky, Colin Campbell, Margus Veanes

Preface     xi
Acknowledgments     xv
Overview
Describe, Analyze, Test     3
Model programs     4
Model-based analysis     5
Model-based testing     7
Model programs in the software process     8
Syllabus     11
Why We Need Model-Based Testing     13
Client and server     13
Protocol     14
Sockets     15
Libraries     15
Applications     20
Unit testing     23
Some simple scenarios     25
A more complex scenario     27
Failures in the field     28
Failures explained     29
Lessons learned     29
Model-based testing reveals the defect     30
Exercises     31
Why We Need Model-Based Analysis     32
Reactive system     32
Implementation     34
Unit testing     41
Failures in simulation     44
Design defects     46
Reviews and inspections, static analysis     47
Model-based analysis reveals the design errors     47
Exercises     52
Further Reading     53
Systems with Finite Models
Model Programs     57
States, actions, and behavior     57
Case study: user interface     59
Preliminary analysis     61
Coding the model program     64
Simulation     70
Case study: client/server     72
Case study: reactive program     82
Other languages and tools     92
Exercises     93
Exploring and Analyzing Finite Model Programs     94
Finite state machines     94
Exploration     99
Analysis     106
Exercise     114
Structuring Model Programs with Features and Composition     115
Scenario control     115
Features     117
Composition     121
Choosing among options for scenario control     129
Composition for analysis     131
Exercises     136
Testing Closed Systems     137
Offline test generation     137
Traces and terms     139
Test harness     142
Test execution     146
Limitations of offline testing     147
Exercises      148
Further Reading     150
Systems with Complex State
Modeling Systems with Structured State     155
"Infinite" model programs     155
Types for model programs     157
Compound values     157
Case study: revision control system     169
Exercises     181
Analyzing Systems with Complex State     183
Explorable model programs     183
Pruning techniques     186
Sampling     190
Exercises     190
Testing Systems with Complex State     191
On-the-fly testing     192
Implementation, model and stepper     194
Strategies     199
Coverage-directed strategies     203
Advanced on-the-fly settings     210
Exercises     218
Further Reading     219
Advanced Topics
Compositional Modeling     223
Modeling protocol features     223
Motivating example: a client/server protocol     224
Properties of model program composition     241
Modeling techniques using composition and features     245
Exercises     246
Modeling Objects     247
Instance variables as field maps     247
Creating instances     249
Object IDs and composition     253
Harnessing considerations for objects     254
Abstract values and isomorphic states     256
Exercises     257
Reactive Systems     259
Observable actions     259
Nondeterminism     261
Asynchronous stepping     264
Partial explorability     265
Adaptive on-the-fly testing     268
Partially ordered runs     272
Exercises     274
Further Reading     275
Appendices
Modeling Library Reference     281
Attributes     282
Data types     292
Action terms     306
Command Reference     308
Model program viewer, mpv     308
Offline test generator, otg     311
Conformance tester, ct     312
Glossary     315
Bibliography     333
Index     341