Contents cross-referenced x
List of illustrations xiii
Series editors' preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
How to use this book xxi
Section A Introduction - Defining Concepts 1
Theme 1 Identity 7
Unit A1.1 People like me 7
Unit A1.2 Artefacts of culture 11
Unit A1.3 Identity card 17
Theme 2 Othering 23
Unit A2.1 Communication is about not presuming 23
Unit A2.2 Cultural dealing 28
Unit A2.3 Power and discourse 33
Theme 3 Representation 39
Unit A3.1 Cultural refugee 39
Unit A3.2 Complex images 45
Unit A3.3 The paradoxes of institutional life 51
Unit A3.4 Disciplines for intercultural communication 57
Section B Extension 61
Introduction 63
Unit B0.1 'Culture' and 'community' in everyday discourse 63
B0.1.1 Hannerz, 'Reflections of varieties of culturespeak' 63
B0.1.2 Baumann, Contesting Culture 66
Unit B0.2 'Culture' - Definitions and perspectives 69
B0.2.1 Fay, Contemporary Philosophy of Social Science: A Multicultural Approach 69
B02.2 Roberts and Sarangi, '"Culture" revisited in intercultural communication' 71
B02.3 Holliday, The Struggle to Teach English as an International Language 72
Unit B0.3 Current and previous approaches to the study of intercultural communication 75
B0.3.1 Kumaravadivelu, Cultural Globalization in Language Education 76
B0.3.2 Verschueren, 'Intercultural communication and the challenges of migration' 82
B0.3.3 Martin and Nakayama, 'Thinking dialectically about culture and communication' 86
Theme 1 Identity 92
Unit B1.1 Identity as a personal project 92
B1.1.1 Ribeyro, 'Barbara' from La Palabra del Mundo 93
B1.1.2 Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age 94
Unit B1.2 Globalization and identity 96
B1.2.1 Mathews, Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket 97
Unit B1.3 Discourse and identity 101
B1.3.1 De Fina, 'Group identity, narrative and self-representations' 101
B1.3.2 Gee, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method - Extract 1 105
B1.3.2 Gee, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method - Extract 2 108
Unit B1.4 Discourse, identity and intercultural communication 110
B1.4.1 Scollon and Wong Scollon, 'Discourse and intercultural communication' 110
B1.4.2 Roberts and Sarangi, 'Theme-oriented discourse analysis of medical encounters' 113
Unit B1.5 Identity and language learning 119
B1.5.1 Pellegrino, Study Abroad and Second Language Use 121
B1.5.2 Pavlenko and Lantolf, 'Second language learning as participation and the (re) construction of selves' 122
Unit B1.6 Identity, community and the Internet 128
B1.6.1 Burkhalter, 'Reading race online: discovering racial identity in usenet discussions' 128
B1.6.2 Martin Jacques interviews Professor Stuart Hall 132
Theme 2 Othering 135
Unit B2.1 Othering - Focus on Japan 135
B2.1.1 Edgar and Sedgwick, Key Concepts in Cultural Theory 136
B2.1.2 Boye Lafayette De Mente, 'Beware of using logic in Japan!' 136
B2.1.3 Sugimoto, An Introduction to Japanese Society 138
Unit B2.2 Images of the Other 141
B2.2.1 Cooke, 'Listen to the image speak' 142
B2.2.2 Solomos and Back, Racism and Society 145
Unit B2.3 Power and the Other in intercultural communication 148
B2.3.1 Mallinson and Brewster, '"Blacks and bubbas": stereotypes, ideology, and categorization: processes in restaurant servers' discourse' 149
B2.3.2 Dyer, White 152
Unit B2.4 Power and the Other in educational contexts 156
B2.4.1 Shuck, 'Racializing the non-native English speaker' 157
B2.4.2 Lee Su Kim, A Nonya in Texas: Insights of a Straits Chinese Woman in the Lone Star State 162
B2.4.3 Rich and Troudi, 'Hard times: Arab TESOL students' experiences of racialization and Othering in the United Kingdom' 164
B2.4.4 Eriksson and Aronsson, '"We're really lucky": co-creating "us" and the "Other" in school booktalk' 169
Unit B2.5 The Other and the tourist gaze 173
B2.5.1 Pennycook, English and the Discourse of Colonialism 174
B2.5.2 Beaven, 'A life in the sun: accounts of new lives abroad as intercultural narratives' 176
Unit B2.6 'Undemonizing' the Other 180
B2.6.1 Hope, Darkest England 181
B2.6.2 Conrad, Heart of Darkness 182
B2.6.3 Littlewood and Lipsedge, Aliens and Alienists: Ethnic Minorities and Psychiatry 183
Theme 3 Representation 185
Unit B3.1 The representation of identity: Personality and its social construction 185
B3.1.1 Burr, An Introduction to Social Constructionism 186
B3.1.2 Hampson, 'The social psychology of personality' 188
Unit B3.2 Social constructionism and social representations 190
B3.2.1 Burr, An Introduction to Social Constructionism 191
B3.2.2 Sperber, Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach 193
Unit B3.3 Representation in the media - The case of 'asylum seekers' 195
B3.3.1 van Dijk, 'New(s) racism: a discourse analytical approach' 196
B3.3.2 O'Sullivan, Hartley, Saunders, Montgomery and Fiske, Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies 200
B3.3.3 Moloney, 'Social representations and the politically satirical cartoon: the construction and reproduction of the refugee and asylum-seeker identity' 203
B3.3.4 Verschueren, 'Intercultural communication and the challenges of migration' 206
Unit B3.4 Cultural constructs in business and intercultural training 209
B3.4.1 Riley, Language, Culture and Identity 210
B3.4.2 Triandis, Individualism and Collectivism - Extract 1 212
B3.4.2 Triandis, Individualism and Collectivism - Extract 2 212
B3.4.3 Munshi and McKie, 'Toward a new cartography of intercultural communication: mapping bias, business, and diversity' 217
Unit B3.5 Challenging cultural constructs in intercultural training and education 221
B3.5.1 Antal and Friedman, 'Learning to negotiate reality: a strategy for teaching intercultural competences' 222
Section C Exploration 229
Theme 1 Identity 235
Unit C1.1 The story of the self 235
Unit C1.2 Becoming the self by defining the Other 240
Unit C1.3 Undoing cultural fundamentalism 248
Unit C1.4 Investigating discourse and power 255
Unit C1.5 Locality and transcendence of locality: Factors in identity formation 260
Theme 2 Othering 274
Unit C2.1 Othering 274
Unit C2.2 'As you speak, therefore you are' 278
Unit C2.3 The 'located' self 284
Unit C2.4 Integrating the Other 286
Unit C2.5 'Are you what you are supposed to be?' 289
Theme 3 Representation 294
Unit C3.1 'You are, therefore I am' 294
Unit C3.2 'Schemas': fixed or flexible? 296
Unit C3.3 'What's underneath?' 301
Unit C3.4 'Manufacturing the self' 303
Unit C3.5 'Minimal clues lead to big conclusions' 307
References 313
Further reading 322
Index 334
