Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 What is Research and What is Programming? 1
Understanding the Difference Joan Dickinson John P. Marsden
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
What is Research? 2
Research and Information Gathering 5
The Research Process 7
What is Programming? 12
Definitions of Programming 15
Benefits and Importance of Programming 16
Why Programming is a Must: A Classic Example 17
Research versus Programming 21
Summary 23
Bibliography 23
2 Research and Programming Processes Joan Dickinson 27
Abstract 27
Introduction 28
The Research Process 29
Defining the Problem 29
The Literature Review 30
Research Methods 34
Research Design 51
Research Ethics 59
Quality of Research 60
Analysis and Interpretation 62
Research Example One: Falls, Gait, and Carpet 63
Research Example Two: Older Adults' and Family Members' Perceptions of Assisted Living 68
The Programming Process 70
Defining the Problem 70
The Existing State 71
The Future State 72
Summary and Recommended Readings 73
Bibliography 75
3 Sustainability and Information Gathering Lisa Tucker 79
Abstract 79
Introduction 80
Living in the Built Environment 81
Definitions and Terminology 83
Theories 85
Cradle to Cradle 85
Biomimicry 86
Biophilia 86
Models 86
Permaculture 86
Ecological Footprint 87
Factor 4/Factor 10 87
Ecological Design 88
Models for Implementation 88
BEES 88
LEED 89
The Hannover Principles 89
The Natural Step 89
The State of Minnesota Sustainable Design Guidelines 90
Informed Design Examples 90
Cradle-to-Cradle House Design Competition 90
Healthcare and Sustainability Projects 94
IDEC StudentCompetition 96
Research and Sustainability 100
Sustainability and Historic Preservation 101
Summary 104
Bibliography 105
4 Design of the Workplace: Programming Elizabeth Riordan Heather Modzelewski Erik Lucken 107
Abstract 107
Introduction 107
Information Gathering Methodology 109
1 Understanding Client Goals 110
2 Data Collection 112
3 Documenting Existing Conditions 119
4 Document Design Changes, Based on Study Input 123
Informed Design Examples 123
Leading High-Tech Firm: Supporting Globalization 123
Leading Media and Communications Company: Supporting Diversity 126
Leading Financial Services Firm: Acting Responsibly 128
Bibliography 130
5 Supermarket Retail: Programming Stephanie Heher John P. Marsden 133
Abstract 133
Introduction 133
Traditional and Nontraditional Grocery Retailers 135
Discount Retailers 135
Specialty Food Retailers 136
Other Food Retailers 137
Needs of Customers 137
Store Image 138
Shopping Experience 138
Lifestyles 139
Interest in Food 140
Psychological Models or Theories of Consumer Behavior 140
Motivational Dimensions 141
Emotional Dimensions 142
Environmental Dimensions 144
Informed Design Examples 145
Chain A 146
Chain B 154
Summary 155
Bibliography 156
6 The Design of Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Information Gathering and Practitioners as Consumers of Research Anna Marshall-Baker 159
Abstract 159
Introduction 160
Development of Neonatal Intensive Care 160
Developmental Care 167
Green Healthcare 173
Informed Design Examples 175
Boulder Community Foothills Hospital 175
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center 179
Full Circle: Infant Incubators 182
Summary 184
Bibliography 185
7 Child Development Centers: Students as Consumers of Research Marilyn Read 191
Abstract 191
Introduction 192
Definition of Quality Childhood Education 194
Center Assessment 195
Educational Approaches 197
The Constructivist Approach 198
The Reggio Emilio Approach 200
The Project Approach 201
The Montessori Model 202
Behavioral Analysis Model 205
Bereiter-Englemann (DISTAR) Model 205
Influence of the Curriculum Model on the Design of the Facility 206
Research 206
The Open Setting 208
Enclosed Plans 211
Plan Layout Recommendations for Inclusive Environments 211
Furniture and Equipment 212
Display 212
Natural and Artificial Lighting 213
Color 213
Natural Elements 214
Informed Design Example 215
Child Development Center Project 215
Bibliography 224
8 Environments for Individuals with Dementia and Frail Elders: Students as Consumers of Research Joan Dickinson 229
Abstract 229
Introduction 230
Housing Options for Older Individuals 231
Long-Term Care Facilities 232
Selection of an Appropriate Facility 233
Models of Design and Care 236
Informed Design Examples 244
Facilities for Individuals with Dementia 244
Falls among Older Individuals 255
Bibliography 257
9 The Design of Hotels: Students as Conductors of Research Lori A. Anthony 265
Abstract 265
Introduction 265
Evolution of the Hospitality Industry 266
Hotel Classifications 268
Client Needs 269
Models of Hospitality 271
Experiential Model 271
Residential Model 272
Market Research and Design Research 273
Informed Design Examples 275
Hotel Design: Understanding the Aging Population 276
Green Rating Systems for the Hotel Industry 283
Furniture Trends in Destination Hotel Lobbies 287
Summary 291
Bibliography 292
10 The Design of Hospitals and Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Students and Practitioners as Conductors of Research Debra D. Harris 295
Abstract 295
Introduction 295
Models of Evidence-Based Design 297
Informed Design Examples 299
Design Implications for Single-Family NICUs 299
Student Research-Spatial Needs for SFR NICU 305
Resources for Healthcare Design Research 314
Additional Resources for NICU Design 314
Translating the Literature for Practical Application 315
Bibliography 316
About the Contributors 319
Credits 325
Index 329
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