Table of Contents
PART I: MECHANISMS OF DISEASE.
1. Introduction to Disease.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: The Black Death.
Introduction.
Manifestations of Disease.
Diagnosis.
Describing Disease.
Causes of Disease.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
2. Immunity, Inflammation, and Immune Disorders.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Inflammation.
Defense Mechanisms.
Hypersensitivity–Allergies.
Autoimmunity.
Immune Deficiency.
Vaccination.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
3. Infectious Diseases.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: West Nile Virus.
Introduction.
Pathogenic Microorganisms.
Infection Prevention and Control.
Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
4. Neoplasms.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Cancer.
Introduction.
Benign Tumors.
Cancer.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
5. Hereditary Diseases.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: President Lincoln and Marfan Syndrome.
Introduction to Heredity.
Transmission of Hereditary Diseases.
Abnormal Chromosome Diseases.
Sex Anomalies.
Genetic Counseling.
Congenital Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
6. Nutrition and Disease.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: James Lind: A Treatise on Scurvy.
Nutrition.
Malnutrition.
Vitamin Deficiency, Excess, and Dependency.
Minerals.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
PART II: DISEASES OF THE SYSTEMS.
7. Diseases of the Cardiovascular.
System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Dr. Christiaan Barnard.
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System.
Structure and Function of the Heart.
Structure and Function of the Blood Vessels.
Arteriosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis.
Diseases of the Heart.
Vascular Disease.
Hypertension.
Abnormalities of Heart Conduction.
Shock.
Age-Related Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
8. Diseases of the Blood.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Four Body Humors.
Introduction.
Red Blood Cells.
Anemia.
Bleeding Disorders.
White Blood Cells.
Diagnostic Tests.
Chapter Summary.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
9. Diseases of the Respiratory System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Breathing and Clean Air.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System.
Common Symptoms of Respiratory Disease.
Upper Respiratory Diseases.
Lower Respiratory Diseases.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Procedures for Respiratory Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
10. Diseases of the Digestive System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Dysentery.
The Digestive System.
Diseases of the Mouth.
Diseases of the Esophagus.
Diseases of the Stomach.
Diseases of the Intestines.
General Disorders of the Digestive Tract.
Diseases Indicated by Stool Characteristics.
Functions of the Liver and Gallbladder.
Diseases of the Liver.
Diseases of the Gallbladder.
Structure and Function of the Pancreas.
Diseases of the Pancreas.
Age-Related Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
11. Diseases of the Urinary System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: The Kidney Transplant.
Functions of the Kidney.
Diseases of the Kidney.
Diseases of the Urinary Bladder and Urethra.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
12. Diseases of the Reproductive System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Tuskegee Institute Experiment.
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System.
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System.
Diseases of the Female Reproductive Tract.
Neoplasms of the Female Reproductive Organs.
Abnormalities of Pregnancy.
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System.
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System.
Diseases of the Male Reproductive System.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
Male and Female Infertility.
Sexual Dysfunction.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Procedures for Reproductive Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
13. Diseases of the Endocrine System.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Diabetes.
Functions of the Endocrine Glands.
Structure and Function of the Pituitary Gland.
Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary Gland.
Function of the Posterior Pituitary Gland.
Hyposecretion of the Posterior Pituitary Gland.
Structure and Function of the Thyroid Gland.
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland.
Structure and Function of the Adrenal Glands.
Diseases of the Adrenal Glands.
Structure and Function of the Parathyroids.
Diseases of the Parathyroid Gland.
Endocrine Function of the Pancreas.
Hyposecretion of the Pancreas.
Abnormalities in Secretion of Sex Hormones.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Procedures for Endocrine Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
14. Diseases of the Nervous System and Special Senses.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Phineas Gage and Neuroscience.
Structural Organization of the Nervous System.
Diseases of the Nervous System.
Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System.
Diseases of the Special Senses: Eye and Ear.
Degenerative Neural Diseases.
Convulsions.
Developmental Errors.
Brain Injury.
Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident.
Traumatic Disorders.
Brain Tumors.
Cranial Nerve Disease.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Procedures for the Nervous System.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
15. Mental Illness.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Sybil.
Mental Illness.
Causes of Mental Illness.
Disorders Usually First Diagnosed.
in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence.
Developmental Disorders.
Substance Use Disorders.
Schizophrenia.
Mood Disorders.
Anxiety Disorders.
Eating Disorders.
Personality Disorders.
Suicide.
Diagnostic Tests for Mental Illness.
Chapter Summary.
Diseases at a Glance.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
16. Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Muscles.
Learning Objectives.
Disease Chronicle: Arthritis.
Interaction of Bones, Muscles, and Joints.
Structure and Function of Bones, Joints, and Muscles.
Diseases of the Bones.
Diseases of the Joints.
Diseases of the Muscles.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Tests for Bone, Joint, and Muscle Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Diseases at a Glance.
Interactive Activities.
17. Diseases of the Skin.
Learning Objectives
Disease Chronicle: WW1 Soldiers.
Functions of the Skin.
Structure of the Skin.
Skin Lesions.
Infectious Skin Diseases.
Hypersensitivity or Immune Disorders of the Skin.
Benign Tumors.
Skin Cancer.
Sebaceous Gland Disorders.
Metabolic Skin Disorders.
Pigment Disorders.
Pressure Injuries of the Skin.
Thermal Skin Injuries.
Age-Related Diseases.
Diagnostic Procedures for Skin Diseases.
Chapter Summary.
Resources.
Interactive Activities.
Diseases at a Glance.
Glossary.
Answers to Interactive Activities.
Index.
Forewords & Introductions
Preface WELCOME TO THE FIFTH EDITION
This thoroughly revised and updated fifth edition of Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach continues to meet the needs of instructors and students who have used its previous four editions, but has been revised to meet the changing needs of students and instructors by including new pedagogical features to enhance student learning. This edition includes a robust teaching/learning package that features a full range of multimedia tools for both students and instructors. Like the previous editions, this text is written for students entering allied health careers and for students interested in learning the fundamentals of human disease. It embraces the ideas of the original author, the late Dr. Mary Lou Mulvihill, whose vision guided and inspired us as we revised this text. Although the changes in some places are numerous and extensive, instructors will recognize Mary Lou's original purpose and organization. We believe the revisions will serve to greatly enhance understanding of human disease basics.
TEXT ORGANIZATION
The text is divided into three parts. Part I, Mechanisms of Disease, introduces important terminology, the study of disease, inflammation and allergy, neoplasia, heredity and disease, dietary factors and disease, and includes a new chapter, Infectious Diseases. Part II, Diseases of the Systems, introduces students to the major diseases associated with each body system. Part III, Stress, Aging, and Wellness, discusses the role stress and aging play in health and disease. Students are also introduced to the concept of wellness.
CHAPTER REVISIONS
In contemplating our plans for the revisionwe studied every word, figure, photograph, and chart. Changes in some areas are minor, in others extensive, and in some cases, passages were completely rewritten to better facilitate student understanding.
Chapter 3, Infectious Diseases, is new to this edition. This chapter discusses the nature of infectious disease and provides a framework for learning about the specific infectious diseases discussed throughout the text. It includes discussions of antibiotic resistance and emerging infectious diseases, which are of considerable medical importance. Some passages, such as those on tuberculosis and pneumonia (Chapter 13), benefited from complete rewriting. Other passages, such as those on cirrhosis and jaundice (Chapter 12), were improved through careful editing and updating. The text was scrutinized for currency and was carefully updated throughout (see AIDS/HIV discussion in Chapter 2).
Figures and photographs were added, deleted, or improved to comprise over 100 photographs. Over 150 full color line drawings illustrate and explain many difficult concepts. Revised and new charts throughout the text organize complicated information for students.
ENHANCEMENTS TO THE FIFTH EDITION
Each chapter opens with an expanded Outline and with Student Objectives. Key terms are highlighted and appear in boldface when first introduced and a pronunciation guide appears in the margin for key terms where they are introduced. The end of each chapter contains a revised set of study questions as well as study aids. Each chapter also includes the following pedagogical aids to facilitate student learning:
- Side by Side photographs and art depicting normal and diseased organs and tissues are included in each systems chapter.
- Fact or Fiction? at the opening of each systems chapter questions popular wisdom and helps students debunk myths.
- On the Practical Side offers useful health tips throughout the text.
- Epidemiology: Diseases by the Number provides data that gives perspective on the incidence and importance of certain diseases.
- Prevention Plus! offers sound advice on disease prevention throughout.
- Diseases at a Glance charts summarize each chapter's diseases and their signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
TEACHING/LEARNING PACKAGE
For the Student
- Companion Website (www.grenhall.com/mulvihill) Tied chapter-by-chapter to the text, the Companion Website provides interactive student quizzes, complete with instant scoring and immediate user feedback, links to resources on the web, and case studies.
- CD-ROM Provides interactive activities organized by chapter, anatomy exercises, links to useful websites and an audio glossary of all key terms in the book.
For the Instructor
- Instructor's Manual (0-8385-3691-3) Contains lecture outlines, discussion questions, multimedia resources and a printed version of the testbank.
- Test Manager (Win, 0-13-032388-8; MAC, 0-13032389-6) Computerized test manager contains approximately 500 questions in a customizable format.
- Instructor's PowerPoint CD-ROM (0-13-032738-7) Over 200 color illustrations from the text are available for projection in the classroom utilizing PowerPoint.
- Companion Website (/mulvihill) In addition to the student resources, the site links to appropriate online resources and provides a Syllabus Manager for instructors.
Read an Excerpt
Preface
WELCOME TO THE FIFTH EDITION
This thoroughly revised and updated fifth edition of Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach continues to meet the needs of instructors and students who have used its previous four editions, but has been revised to meet the changing needs of students and instructors by including new pedagogical features to enhance student learning. This edition includes a robust teaching/learning package that features a full range of multimedia tools for both students and instructors. Like the previous editions, this text is written for students entering allied health careers and for students interested in learning the fundamentals of human disease. It embraces the ideas of the original author, the late Dr. Mary Lou Mulvihill, whose vision guided and inspired us as we revised this text. Although the changes in some places are numerous and extensive, instructors will recognize Mary Lou's original purpose and organization. We believe the revisions will serve to greatly enhance understanding of human disease basics.
TEXT ORGANIZATION
The text is divided into three parts. Part I, Mechanisms of Disease, introduces important terminology, the study of disease, inflammation and allergy, neoplasia, heredity and disease, dietary factors and disease, and includes a new chapter, Infectious Diseases. Part II, Diseases of the Systems, introduces students to the major diseases associated with each body system. Part III, Stress, Aging, and Wellness, discusses the role stress and aging play in health and disease. Students are also introduced to the concept of wellness.
CHAPTER REVISIONS
In contemplating our plans for the revision we studied every word, figure, photograph, and chart. Changes in some areas are minor, in others extensive, and in some cases, passages were completely rewritten to better facilitate student understanding.
Chapter 3, Infectious Diseases, is new to this edition. This chapter discusses the nature of infectious disease and provides a framework for learning about the specific infectious diseases discussed throughout the text. It includes discussions of antibiotic resistance and emerging infectious diseases, which are of considerable medical importance. Some passages, such as those on tuberculosis and pneumonia (Chapter 13), benefited from complete rewriting. Other passages, such as those on cirrhosis and jaundice (Chapter 12), were improved through careful editing and updating. The text was scrutinized for currency and was carefully updated throughout (see AIDS/HIV discussion in Chapter 2).
Figures and photographs were added, deleted, or improved to comprise over 100 photographs. Over 150 full color line drawings illustrate and explain many difficult concepts. Revised and new charts throughout the text organize complicated information for students.
ENHANCEMENTS TO THE FIFTH EDITION
Each chapter opens with an expanded Outline and with Student Objectives. Key terms are highlighted and appear in boldface when first introduced and a pronunciation guide appears in the margin for key terms where they are introduced. The end of each chapter contains a revised set of study questions as well as study aids. Each chapter also includes the following pedagogical aids to facilitate student learning:
- Side by Side photographs and art depicting normal and diseased organs and tissues are included in each systems chapter.
- Fact or Fiction? at the opening of each systems chapter questions popular wisdom and helps students debunk myths.
- On the Practical Side offers useful health tips throughout the text.
- Epidemiology: Diseases by the Number provides data that gives perspective on the incidence and importance of certain diseases.
- Prevention Plus! offers sound advice on disease prevention throughout.
- Diseases at a Glance charts summarize each chapter's diseases and their signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
TEACHING/LEARNING PACKAGE
For the Student
- Companion Website Tied chapter-by-chapter to the text, the Companion Website provides interactive student quizzes, complete with instant scoring and immediate user feedback, links to resources on the web, and case studies.
- CD-ROM Provides interactive activities organized by chapter, anatomy exercises, links to useful websites and an audio glossary of all key terms in the book.
For the Instructor
- Instructor's Manual (0-8385-3691-3) Contains lecture outlines, discussion questions, multimedia resources and a printed version of the testbank.
- Test Manager (Win, 0-13-032388-8; MAC, 0-13032389-6) Computerized test manager contains approximately 500 questions in a customizable format.
- Instructor's PowerPoint CD-ROM (0-13-032738-7) Over 200 color illustrations from the text are available for projection in the classroom utilizing PowerPoint.
- Companion Website In addition to the student resources, the site links to appropriate online resources and provides a Syllabus Manager for instructors.
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