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Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires is a wide-ranging comparative study of the origins of today's ethnic politics in East Central Europe, the former Russian empire and the Middle East.
Centred on the First World War Era, Ethnic Nationalism highlights the roles of historical contingency and the ordeal of total war in shaping the states and institutions that supplanted the great multinational empires after 1918. It explores how the fixing of new political boundaries and the complex interplay of nationalist elites and popular forces set in motion bitter ethnic conflicts and political disputes, many of which are still with us today.
Topics discussed include:
* the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire
* the ethnic dimension of the Russian Revolution and Soviet state building
* Nationality issues in the late Ottoman empire
* the origins of Arab nationalism
* ethnic politics in zones of military occupation
* the construction of Czechoslovak and Yugoslav identities
Ethnic Nationalism is an invaluable survey of the origins of twentieth-century ethnic politics. It is essential reading for those interested in the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in modern European and Middle Eastern history.
| List of Maps | ||
| Acknowledgements | ||
| 1 | Introduction | 1 |
| 2 | Ethnicity and Empire: An Historical Introduction | 7 |
| The Austro-Hungarian Empire | 8 | |
| The Russian Empire | 19 | |
| The Ottoman Empire | 28 | |
| 3 | On the Eve of War: The Intelligentsia as Vanguard of Nationalism | 34 |
| Conflicting Nationalist Agendas in East Central Europe | 36 | |
| Poland | 36 | |
| Czechs and Slovaks | 42 | |
| The Dream of Yugoslav Unity | 46 | |
| Synopsis | 48 | |
| Populism, Socialism, and Nationalism in the Russian Empire | 49 | |
| Social Elites and Nationalist Intellectuals in the Ottoman Empire | 57 | |
| From Ottomanism to Turkish Nationalism | 57 | |
| From Ottomanism to Arab Nationalism | 63 | |
| 4 | Straining the Imperial Molds, 1914-1918 | 70 |
| War Front, Home Front, and the Politicization of Ethnicity in the Habsburg Empire | 71 | |
| Loyalties on the (Front) Line | 73 | |
| The Czech Home Front | 78 | |
| The South Slav Lands | 84 | |
| Synopsis | 88 | |
| The Ethnic Dimension of War and Revolution in Russia | 90 | |
| Nationalism and Separatism under the Provisional Government | 92 | |
| The Socio-Cultural Bases of Ethnic Unrest | 94 | |
| The Burden of War in the Middle East | 104 | |
| The Radicalization of Turkish Nationalism | 105 | |
| The Suppression of Dissent in the Arab Lands | 111 | |
| 5 | New Arenas of Action: Nationalisms of Occupation and Exile, 1914-1918 | 116 |
| Zones of Occupation | 116 | |
| Poland and Lithuania | 116 | |
| Serbia | 125 | |
| The Politics of Exile | 128 | |
| The Czechoslovak National Council | 129 | |
| The Yugoslav Committee | 132 | |
| The Polish National Committee | 138 | |
| Zionism | 140 | |
| Synopsis | 145 | |
| Volunteer Legions | 146 | |
| The Czechoslovak Legion | 147 | |
| Pilsudski's First Brigade | 149 | |
| The Arab Revolt | 152 | |
| 6 | Defining the Boundaries of the Nation, 1918-1923 | 156 |
| Defining Frontiers in East Central Europe | 157 | |
| The Political Geography of Soviet Ethnofederalism | 171 | |
| The Ethnic Dimension of Russian Political Collapse and Civil War | 171 | |
| The Soviet Ethnofederal Experiment | 174 | |
| Reconfiguring the Boundaries of Identity in the Middle East | 183 | |
| The Turkish Settlement and the Kemalist State | 183 | |
| European Imperialism as Framework for the Genesis of Middle Eastern Nation-States | 187 | |
| Statehood vs. Nationhood in the Arab World | 189 | |
| Sectarianism and Ethno-Regional Politics in the Framework of Arab Nationalism | 192 | |
| 7 | Old Elites and Radical Challengers in the New Nation-States, 1918-1939 | 198 |
| Institutional Continuities and Disaffected Ethnic Groups: the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Cases | 201 | |
| Czechoslovakia | 201 | |
| Yugoslavia | 204 | |
| Revolutionary Elites in Reactionary Roles: Poland and the Arab Middle East | 207 | |
| Poland | 207 | |
| Syria and Iraq | 211 | |
| 8 | Conclusion | 218 |
| Notes | 224 | |
| Index | 264 |
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