Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. The Physics Tool Kit
2. Problem Solving
3. Vectors
4. Motion
5. Force
6. Momentum
7. Concurrent and Parallel Forces
8. Work and Energy
9. Rotational Motion
10. Simple Machines
11. Universal Gravitation and Satellite Motion
12. Matter
13. Fluids
14. Temperature and Heat Transfer
15. Properties of Gases
16. Wave Motion and Sound
17. Basic Electricity
18. Magnetism
19. Alternating Current Electricity
20. Light
21. Reflection and Refraction
22. Color
23. Survey of Modern Physics
24. Special and General Relativity
Appendix A: Mathematics Review
Appendix B: Scientific Calculator
Appendix C: Tables
Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix E: Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems and to Chapter Review Questions and Problems
Forewords & Introductions
Applied Physics, Eighth Edition, formerly Physics for Career Education, provides a comprehensive and practical coverage of physics for students needing an applied physics approach or considering a vocational-technical career. It emphasizes physical concepts as applied to industrial-technical fields and uses common applications to improve the physics and mathematics competence of the student. This eighth edition has been carefully reviewed and special efforts have been taken to emphasize clarity and accuracy of presentation.
This text is divided into five major areas: mechanics, matter and heat, wave motion and sound, electricity and magnetism, and light and modern physics.
Key Features
- Unique, highly successful problem solving-method
- Chapter introductions
- Chapter objectives
- Chapter glossaries
- Formulas summarized at the end of each chapter
- Chapter review questions
- Chapter review problems
- Problem sets follow each problem-related section
- Important formulas and principles are highlighted
- Abundant illustrations
- Numerous examples consistently displayed using the problem-solving format
- Four-color format effectively highlight and illustrate the important principles
- Approximately 3200 problems and questions
- Comprehensive development and consistent use of measurement and significant digits
- Mathematics review in Appendix A
- Basic instruction on using a scientific calculator in Appendix B
- Marginal biographical sketches of important scientists
Special new features:
- Four-color format
- Try This Activity provides students with opportunities to experiment with physics concept.
- Physics Connections are small sections that apply physics concepts to familiar real world situations and events.
- Applied Concepts are application-based questions at the end of each chapter that foster critical thinking and connections to previous physics topics.
- New chapters on Universal Gravitation and Satellite Motion, Color, and Special and General Relativity
- Comprehensive glossary in Appendix D
Ancillaries
- Companion Laboratory Manual
- Instructor's Resource Manual with Complete Solutions, Transparency Masters, and Test Item File
- Computerized Test Item File for Windows
Illustration of Some Key Features
Problem-Solving Method. Figure P.1 shows examples illustrating how the problem-solving method is used in the text. See Page 00 for the detailed presentation of the problem-solving method.
Chapter Objectives. Figure P.2 shows the objectives for Chapter 8 "Rotational Motion."
Examples. Worked examples are consistently displayed in the problem-solving format and used to illustrate and clarify basic concepts and problems. Since many students learn by example, a large number of examples are provided. The example in Figure P.3 shows how conversion factors are displayed and used.
Problem Sets. Problem sets follow each section that is problem related. The problem-solving icon (shown at right) is located in the margin of problem sets as a reminder to students of the use and importance of the problem-solving method. This method is easily remembered and provides a valuable skill that can be used and applied daily in other technical and science courses and on the job.
Chapter End Matter. A chapter glossary, a summary of chapter formulas, chapter review questions to review concept understanding, chapter review problems help students to review for quizzes and examinations, and applied concept problems that foster critical thinking.
To the Faculty
This text is written at a language level and at a mathematics level that is cognizant of and beneficial to most students in programs that do not require a high level of mathematics rigor. The authors have assumed that the student has successfully completed one year of high school algebra or its equivalent. Simple equations and formulas are reviewed and any mathematics beyond this level is developed in the text or in an appendix. The manner in which the mathematics is used in the text displays the need for mathematics in technology. For the better-prepared student, the mathematics sections may be omitted with no loss in continuity. This text is designed so that faculty may have flexibility in selecting the topics, as well as the order of topics, that meet the needs of their students and programs of study.
Sections are short, and each deals with only one concept. The need for the investigation of a physical principle is developed before undertaking its study, and many diagrams are used to aid students in visualizing the concept. A large number of examples and problems helps students to develop and check their mastery of one concept before moving to another.
This text is designed to be used in a vocational-technical program in a community college, a technical institute, or a high school for students who plan to pursue a technical career or in a general physics course where an applied physics approach is preferred. The topics were chosen with the assistance of technicians and management of several industries and faculty consultants. Suggestions from users and reviewers of the previous edition were used extensively in this edition.
A general introduction to physics is presented in Chapter 0. Chapter 1 introduces students to basic units of measurement. For those students who lack a metric background or who need a review, a significant development of the metric system is found in Chapter 1, where measurements are presented as approximate numbers and then used consistently throughout the text. Those who need to review some mathematical skills are referred to the appendices as necessary. Chapter 1 also introduces students to a problem-solving method that is consistently used in the rest of the text. Vectors are developed Chapter 2, followed by a comprehensive study of motion, force, work and energy, rotational energy, simple machines, and universal gravitation and satellite motion.
The treatment of matter includes a discussion of the three states of matter, density, fluids, pressure, and Pascal's principle. The treatment of heat includes temperature, specific heat, thermal expansion, change of state, and gas laws.
The section on wave motion and sound deals with basic wave characteristics, the nature and speed of sound, the Doppler effect, and resonance.
The section on electricity and magnetism begins with a brief discussion of static electricity, followed by an extensive treatment of dc circuits and sources, Ohm's law, and series and parallel circuits. The chapter on magnetism, generators, and motors is largely descriptive, but it allows for a more in-depth study if desired. Then ac circuits and transformers are treated extensively.
The chapter on light briefly discusses the wave and particle nature of light, but deals primarily with illumination. The chapter on reflection and refraction develops the images formed by mirrors and lenses. A brief introduction to color includes diffraction, interference, and polarization of light.
The section on modern physics provides an introduction to the structure and properties of the atomic nucleus, radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, and radioactivity followed by a very brief introduction to relativity.
A companion laboratory manual is available. An Instructor's Resource Manual that includes Complete Solutions, Transparency Masters, and a Test Item File is available at no charge to instructors using this text.
To the Student
Why Study Physics?
Physics is useful. Architects, mechanics, builders, carpenters, electricians, plumbers, and engineers are only some of the people who use physics every day in their jobs or professions. In fact, every living person uses physics principles every hour of every day. The movement of an arm can be described using principles of the lever. All building trades, as well as the entire electronics industry, also use physics.
Physics is often defined as the study of matter, energy, and their transformations. The physicist uses scientific methods to observe, measure, and predict physical events and behaviors. However, gathered data left in someone's notebook in a laboratory are of little use to society.
The basics of physics is really universal communication in the language of mathematics. The physicist describes physical phenomena in an orderly form in mathematical terms understood worldwide. Mechanics is the base on which almost all other areas of physics are built. Motion, force, work, electricity, and light are topics confronted daily in industry and technology. The basic laws of conservation of energy are needed to understand heat, sound, wave motion, electricity, and electromagnetic radiation.
Physics is always changing as new frontiers are established in the study of the nature of matter and physics today. The topics studied in this course, however, will probably not greatly change with new research and will remain a classical foundation for work in many, many fields. We begin our study with the rules of the road—measurement, followed by a systematic problem-solving method. The end result will hopefully be a firm base on which to build a career in almost any field.
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