Annual Editions: Race and Ethnic Relations by John A. Kromkowski

Preliminary Table of Contents

AE Race and Ethnic Relations, 17e

Preface

Correlation Guide

Topic Guide

Internet References

Unit 1: The Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Identity, Communities, and Diversity in America

1. Cambridge Makes History, Chris Guy, The Baltimore Sun, July 10, 2008

This page-one personal and municipal profile by Chris Guy traces a model path for small Southern towns, where African Americans have endured and overcome exclusionary and violent practices and have begun a new period of power sharing, respect, and balanced participation and governance.

2. Chicago and The Irish, Tom Deignan, Irish America, August/September, 2008

Deignan's profile of the Irish in Chicago and the compilation of personal expressions of ethnic identity reveal the dual character of affinities linked to place and culture that shapes personality among members of an ethnic group.

3. 'Bursting with Pride' in Little Italy, Kelly Brewington, The Baltimore Sun, November 11, 2006

Kelly Brewington's report on the election of Nancy Pelosi and the reactions in her old Baltimore

"Little Italy" neighborhood, reveals the reality of local loyalty within the Italian-American tradition.

4. Parishes in Transition, Jessica Trobaugh Temple and Erin Blasko, South Bend Tribune, May 8, 2003

These local accounts of Hispanic, Hungarian, and Polish communities reveal the transition experienced by ethnic Catholic parishes in an older industrial city of the Midwest.

5. In Manassas, the Medium Is the Issue, Nick Miroff, The Washington Post, July 2, 2008

Miroff reports on this expression of community intransition and conflict and exposes the local and particular aspects of immigration and assimilation that are frequently lost in general discussions of public policy.

6. In Brooklyn, an Evolving Ethnicity, Delizia Flaccavento, Ambassador, National Italian American Foundation, Summer 2006

This profile of the streets of Bensonhurst recounts efforts by the Federation of Italian-American Organizations toward the recultivation of neighborhood-based ethnicity that flourished in this original ethnic enclave.

7. Mélange Cities, Blair A. Ruble, The Wilson Quarterly, Summer 2006

Blair A. Ruble's essay on the expansion of ethnically pluralistic cities documents the significant transformation of the Washington Metropolitan area.

8. The Hotel Africa, G. Pascal Zachary, The Wilson Quarterly, Summer 2006

This account of the growing number of African immigrants and their ongoing relationships to their countries and regions of origin provides a window into new dimensions of American pluralism.

9. The Fixer, Adam Matthews, GOOD, September 2008

The authors of this revealing account of political mobilization headed by Ward Connerly provide a new vista on the critique of affirmative action and the processes of state-level referenda designed to limit institutionalized approaches to assure diversity and manage pluralism primarily at highly selective institutions of higher education.
Unit 2: The Legal Construction of Diversity and Disparity
Section A

10. Racial Restrictions in the Law of Citizenship, Ian F. Haney López, White By Law: The Legal Construction of Race, New York University Press, 1996

This article traces the legal history of naturalization in the development of the definitions and legal norms that affected American citizenship.

11. Dred Scott v. Sandford, U.S. Reports, 1856

This case concerned the claim by Dred Scott, a slave, who was taken by his master to live in a free state and then claimed to have lost his status as a slave. The Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution did not protect him, nor other African Americans, whether considered free or those held as slaves.

12. Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, U.S. Reports, 1954

In this case the Court overturned Plessy v.Ferguson and ended dejure segregation of public schools. The Court ruled that "separate but equal has no place in public education for separate education facilities are inherently unequal."

13. How the GOP Conquered the South, Michael Nelson, The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 21, 2005

Michael Nelson's review of recent historical political scholarship on the transformation and rise of new political forces in the South includes personal and strategic switches that account for the rise of the Republican Party.

14. 'Bakke' Set a New Path to Diversity for Colleges, Peter Schmidt, The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 20, 2008

In the Bakke ruling a splintered Court upheld a lower court order that addressed the question of special admission to medical school, which guaranteed the rights of certain ethnic minorities over the claim to rights of better qualified non-minority applicants.

15. Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb and Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji, U.S Reports, 1987

The Supreme Court reviewed the legislative intent of Congress and discovered that the civil rights law of 1866 should be applied to discrimination based on race and ethnicity and thus extend prohibitions against state and private discrimination based on group distinctions to all ethno-religious groups.
Section B

16. Historical Discrimination in the Immigration Laws, The Tarnished Golden Door, September 1980

This article summarizes the history of immigration laws and their effects on immigrant groups: the Nativist movement of the 1830s, the Chinese Exclusion Acts of the 1880s, the quota system of the 1920s, and the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952

17. The Diversity Visa Lottery—A Cycle of Unintended Consequences in United States Immigration Policy, Anna O. Law, Journal of American Ethnic History, Summer 2002

Anna Law's account of the immigration reforms dating from 1965 and the current public practice of awarding visas by country lottery reveals the curious logic and trajectory of cultural, economic, and democratic assumptions.
Unit 3: The Demography of Ethnicity

18. Ancestry 2000: Census 2000 Brief, Angela Brittingham and G. Patricia de la Cruz, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, June 2004

This report, with its tables and figures, presents troves of data regarding ethnic populations, the persistence of ancestral affinities, and self-identification and regional clustering of cultures in the United States.

19. Minority Population Tops 100 Million and More Than 300 Counties Now Majority-Minority. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau,

This report, with its tables and figures, presents troves of data regarding counties that contain new ethnic populations and reveals regional clustering of cultures in the United States.

20. Quick Facts About Arab Americans, Arab American Institute Foundation.

This report on Arab Americans reveals cultural affinities and regional clustering, religious and national origin differences of Arab Americans in the United States.

21. Irish American Heritage Month and Saint Patrick's Day, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, February 25, 2008

This report, with its tables of data about Irish Americans lacates and quantifies , the persistence and extent Irish ethnicity and regional clustering of this culture in the United States.

22. A Profile of Today's Italian Americans. The Order of Sons of Italy in America.

This report presents data regarding Italian Americans municipal and state and regional of the Italian American population in the United States.

23. Polonia in Numbers, Good News, The American Institute of Polish Culture/The Piast Institute, 2006/2007

This report presents data regarding Polish Americans gathered from the US Census and the self-identification of respondents. These tables reveal municipal and state clustering of Polsh Americans in the United States.

24. Still Unmelted after All These Years, John David Kromkowski, Occasional Papers Series, NCUEA June 20, 2008.

This article systematically measures American ethnic diversity, quantifies and compares levels of ethnic variety at the state level, and presents graphic evidence of profound ethnic clustering
Unit 4: Indigenous Ethnic Groups

25. Who Is a Native American?, Peter Ortiz, DiversityInc, December 2004/January 2005

Peter Ortiz's answer to this question surely includes ethnic tradition, but also moves well beyond such matters to the wider range of concerns related to Native Americans' participation in America.

26. American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month: November 2007, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, October 2007.

This report on Native American populations provides a quantitative profiles of data regarding ethnic populations and thus fuller understanding of the persistence of ancestral affinities and self-identification as well as the clustering of indigenous cultures in the United States.

27. Tribal Philanthropy Thrives, Daniel Gibson, Native Peoples: Arts and Lifeways, August 2008.

Daniel Gibson's report on the social value of sharing and profiles of Native American associations and their contributions and self-help efforts adds a new dimension to mainstream knowledge of Native Americans beyond their activities in gaming.
Unit 5: African Americans

28. Black History Month: February 2008, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau,January 24, 2008

This report on African Americans with its tables and figures presents troves of data regarding this unique population, the social and economic profile of Black Americans as well as regional clustering of this population in the United States.

29. Who Is An African American?, Yoji Cole and Stanford Kay, DiversityInc, February 2005.

This summary and review of answers to this question begin with slavery and evolve into an ongoing political and social drama of exclusion and participatory contributions to American popular culture.

30. The Genius of Cool, William Jelani Cobb, Ebony, August 2008.

William Jelani Cobb's explanation of a cultural style and sense of being "cool" is particularly timely and relevant to the interpretation of the stylistics of Barack Obama.

31. That's a Bare-Knuckled Kiss, Jill Rosen, The Baltimore Sun, June 6, 2008.

Jill Rosen's account of "the Dap" extends the world of this gesture of ethnic style and inherent coolness to mainstream readers, expanding their cultural literacy and opening us all to this gesture and its evocation of dignity and pride.

32. Separate and Unequal? Larry Elder and DeWayne Wickham, Ebony, August 2008.

These interpretative essays on the condition and participation of African Americans provides a glimpse into intra-ethnic group conversation.

33. African American Philanthropy, Ponchitta Pierce, Carnegie Reporter, Spring 2008.

Ponchitta Pierce paints a portrait of a deep-rooted tradition of a group prominent African Americans, their view of philanthropic giving, and its relationship to America.

34. For Black Politicians, A Rocky Road but a Steady Climb. The Washington Post, August 22, 2008.

This article and historical chart reveals the particular pathway of African Americans toward citizenship and singularly difficult journey toward representation and equal participation in the American polity.
Unit 6: Hispanic/Latina/o Americans

35. Inventing Hispanics, Amitai Etzioni, Brookings Review, Winter 2002

This article discloses the ramifications of Census Bureau categories and definitions as they relate to the classification of Hispanics as a homogenous group rather than as a variety of ethnic groups.

36. Hispanic Heritage Month and Cinco De Mayo, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2008

This US census report presents troves of data regarding the largest ethnic populations in the United States. The persistence of national affinities related to countries of origin as well as the clustering of such identification into a Hispanic–Latino category.

37. Melting Point: A Small Immigrant Town Simmers in the Wake of a Brutal Murder, David Montgomery, The Washington Post, September 2, 2008.

This account of community life in a small Pennsylvania town that celebrated its diverse ethnic heritage reveals the ever-present potential for shattering the bonds of union, the effects of criminal passions of intolerance, the challenges of pluralism, and the breakdown of civil decorum.

38. Minority-Owned Firms More Likely to Export, Mona Placey. Hispanic Network Magazine, Volume 20, Issue 2, 2008.

Mona Placey makes the case for language and culture in globalized markets and the attendant advantages of second and third ethnic competencies in this arena.
Unit 7: Asian Americans

39. To Be Asian in America, Angela Johnson Meadows, DiversityInc, April 2005

The profiles of persons from Asian ethnicities arrayed in this collage of interviews by Angela Johnson Meadows present an interesting and perhaps representative set of events and experiences.

40. Lands of Opportunity, Gady A. Epstein and Stephanie Desmon, The Baltimore Sun, November 5, 2006

This article reveals complex human motives and desires, and perhaps surprising pathways from a booming economy in China to America.

41. Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month and Revenues for Asian-Owned Firms Up 24 Percent. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.

This US Census report, presents troves of data regarding Asian and Pacific ethnic populations, the persistence of ancestral affinities, and the formation of a composite form of self-identification and regional clustering of Asian and Pacific Island cultures in the United States.
Unit 8: European and Mediterranean Ethnics

42. Miracle: American Polonia, Karol Wojtyla and the Election of Pope John Paul II, John Radzilowski, Polish American Studies, Spring 2006

John Radzilowski's account of the influence of the election of the first Polish Pope on the hearts of Polish-Americans provides a glimpse into the processes and elements that constitute worlds of meaning in ethnic group solidarity.

43. This Writer's Life: Gay Talese, Michael Luongo, Ambassador: The National Italian American Foundation. Winter/Spring 2007.

This profile of Gay Talese offers the reader an opportunity to understand the influence of ethnicity on the shaping of worldview, sensibility, and sensitivity.

44. Forces That Shape Ethnic Opinion: What Ethnic Americans Really Think James J. Zogby, The Zogby Culture Polls, 2002

Chapter Five of this premier compendium of ethnic opinion tracks the influence of demographic factors that shape ethnic identity and political ideology.

45. Alliance Building between African Americans and Immigrants, Yusuf and Cheryl, Kirwan Institute Update, Spring 2008.

The authors review strategies for intergroup relations and also pose a larger question about culture and the common good.

46. The Study of Jewish American History and Dutch American History in Several Settings, Suzanne M. Sinke and Hasia R. Diner, Polish American Studies, Spring 2008.

Excerpts from this account of ethnic historical associations devoted to the production of knowledge about ethnic groups in America indicate the institutionalization of memory in American populations and traditions that are sources of meaning, affinity, and identity.
Unit 9: The Presidential Election 2008: Exploring Challenges, New Horizons in Pluralism and Public Policy

47. A More Perfect Union, Barack Obama, Transcript of Philadelphia Speech, March 18, 2008.

This speech by Barack Obama, presented in the symbolically important city of Philadelphia at a moment of intense passion provoked by video and live engagement of the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, seemed to be a defining moment for the campaign and perhaps for the discussion of race in America.

48. Pulling the Race Card from the Deck, Peter Schmidt,The Chronicle Review,February 29, 2008.

Peter Schmidt's review of the Race Card: How Bluffing About Bias Makes Race Relations Worse and selected excerpts from this book invites the cultivation of a new strategy beyond victimization and denial.

49. Polonia and the Elections: Why We Matter, Dominick Stecula, Bialy Orzel/White Eagle,July 2008.

Dominick Stecula's data and argument are illustrative of an archetypical pattern of ethnic politics. The article, published in a bilingual ethnic newspaper with large circulation among core ethnic members, makes the case for the centrality as well as the inattention of mainstream campaigns to the concentration and saliency of the ethnic voter.

50. White Seniors Energize McCain Campiagn, Paul West, The Baltimore Sun, August 8, 2008

Paul West's report of polling reveals a generational gap and racial divide as well as the increasingly clear implication that polling not only measures but also shapes voter preferences.

51. Is Obama the End of Black Politics? Matt Bai, International Herald Tribune, August 6, 2008

Matt Bai's report traces the generational transition and reordering of politics among African Americans and gives an account of new African American office holders and their shaping of another narrative of political development.
Unit 10: International Aspects of Ethnic Relations

52. Obama & Israel, Don Wycliff, Commonweal, May 23, 2008

Don Wycliff's reflection on Barack Obama' Philadelphia speech extends the thrust of Obama's human rights approach into the thicket of Israeli and Palestinian relations.

53. American Self-Interest and the Response to Genocide, Roger W. Smith, The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 30, 2004

Roger W. Smith's provocative review of eight new books related to international phenomena such as ethnic cleansing, political violence, and systematic destruction of peoples and cultures presents new challenges for peacekeepers.

54. Never Underestimate the Power of Ethnicity in Iraq, Amy Chua and Jed Rubenfeld, The Washington Post, January 4, 2004

This account of ethnicity in Iraq, fashioned by Chua and Rubenfeld, explores essential issues about the foundations of social order in Iraq, but the realities addressed suggest implications that extend to the very core of our democratic assumptions.

55. Is Ethnic Conflict Inevitable? Jerry Muller & Critics, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2008

These are responses to Jerry Muller's historical account and argument regarding ethno-national and violent conflict by arguing for better institutions to resolve conflict and a fuller appreciation of the values and benefits of large scale regimes and markets as well as greater recognition that deeper understanding of the power and passion of ethno-nationalism is also required for contemporary statecraft.

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