| Physiologic Sciences | |
| 1 | Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation | 3 |
| 2 | Factors Affecting Pulmonary Compliance and Airway Resistance | 6 |
| 3 | Effect of Surfactant on Lung Mechanics | 8 |
| 4 | Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion | 9 |
| 5 | Clinical Implications of the Alveolar Gas Equation | 12 |
| 6 | Measurement and Implications of Qs/Qt | 14 |
| 7 | Oxygen Transport | 16 |
| 8 | Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve | 18 |
| 9 | Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases | 20 |
| 10 | Blood Gas Temperature Correction | 22 |
| 11 | Central Regulation of Ventilation | 24 |
| 12 | Physiologic Effects of Hyper- and Hypocarbia | 26 |
| 13 | Sodium | 28 |
| 14 | Potassium | 31 |
| 15 | Calcium | 34 |
| 16 | Electrolyte Abnormalities: Magnesium | 37 |
| 17 | Cardiac Cycle: Control and Synchronicity | 39 |
| 18 | Physiologic Determinants of Cardiac Output | 41 |
| 19 | Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand | 44 |
| 20 | Monitoring Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation | 47 |
| 21 | Pulmonary Hypertension | 48 |
| 22 | Bradyarrhythmias | 50 |
| 23 | Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias | 52 |
| 24 | Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias | 55 |
| 25 | Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Autoregulation | 57 |
| 26 | Anesthetic Agents and the Electroencephalogram | 60 |
| 27 | Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring | 64 |
| 28 | Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission | 67 |
| 29 | Endocrine Factors Affecting Neuromuscular Block | 69 |
| 30 | The Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology | 71 |
| 31 | The Parasympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology | 75 |
| 32 | Mechanisms of Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Excretion | 78 |
| 33 | Hepatic Physiology and Preoperative Evaluation | 80 |
| 34 | Renal Physiology | 83 |
| 35 | Renal Function Tests | 85 |
| 36 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease | 87 |
| 37 | Preparation for Anesthesia: Tobacco and Caffeine Withdrawal | 89 |
| 38 | Thermoregulation and Perioperative Hypothermia | 91 |
| 39 | Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Anesthesia | 93 |
| 40 | Cardiovascular Effects of the Inhalation Agents | 96 |
| 41 | Central Nervous System Effects of the Inhalation Agents | 99 |
| 42 | Renal Effects of the Inhalation Agents | 103 |
| 43 | Hepatic Effects of the Inhalation Agents | 105 |
| 44 | Nitrous Oxide | 107 |
| 45 | Factors Affecting Anesthetic Gas Uptake | 110 |
| 46 | Minimum Alveolar Concentration | 112 |
| 47 | Effect of Intracardiac Shunts on Inhalation Induction | 115 |
| 48 | Concentration Effect and Second Gas Effect | 117 |
| 49 | Thiopental | 119 |
| 50 | Propofol | 122 |
| 51 | Ketamine | 124 |
| 52 | Opioid Pharmacology | 126 |
| 53 | Cardiovascular Effects of Narcotics | 128 |
| 54 | Perioperative Narcotic Problems: Muscle Rigidity and Biliary Colic | 130 |
| 55 | Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 132 |
| 56 | Succinylcholine Side Effects | 134 |
| 57 | Prolongation of Succinylcholine Effect | 137 |
| 58 | Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants | 139 |
| 59 | Nonrelaxant Side Effects of Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants | 142 |
| 60 | Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium | 145 |
| 61 | Atropine, Scopolamine, and Glycopyrrolate Pharmacology | 147 |
| 62 | Sodium Bicarbonate | 149 |
| 63 | Vasopressors and Inotropes | 151 |
| 64 | Nitroglycerin | 154 |
| 65 | Sodium Nitroprusside | 156 |
| 66 | Deliberate Hypotension | 158 |
| 67 | Calcium Channel Blockers | 161 |
| 68 | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Anesthesia | 163 |
| 69 | Benzodiazepines | 165 |
| 70 | Antiemetic Agents | 167 |
| 71 | Anti-Aspiration Drugs | 169 |
| 72 | Diuretics | 172 |
| 73 | Bronchodilators | 174 |
| 74 | Effect of pKa, pH, and Protein Binding | 176 |
| 75 | Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions | 178 |
| Physical Sciences | |
| 76 | Coronary Circulation and the Myocardial Conduction System | 182 |
| 77 | Cerebral Circulation | 185 |
| 78 | Anatomy of the Posterior Fossa | 189 |
| 79 | Spinal Cord Anatomy and Blood Supply | 191 |
| 80 | The Autonomic Nervous System | 194 |
| 81 | Central Venous Cannulation: Anatomy and Complications | 196 |
| 82 | Anatomy of the Larynx | 199 |
| 83 | Brachial Plexus Anatomy | 202 |
| 84 | Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomical Considerations | 204 |
| 85 | Transesophageal Echocardiography: Intraoperative Uses | 208 |
| 86 | Medical Gas Cylinders: Physics, Handling Safety, Pin Indexing | 210 |
| 87 | Flowmeters: Physics of Gas Flow | 213 |
| 88 | Vaporizers | 216 |
| 89 | Closed-Circuit Anesthesia | 218 |
| 90 | Carbon Dioxide Absorption | 220 |
| 91 | Causes of Carbon Dioxide Retention in Anesthetic Breathing Systems | 222 |
| 92 | Capnography | 224 |
| 93 | Disconnect Monitors | 227 |
| 94 | Pulse Oximetry | 229 |
| 95 | Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | 232 |
| 96 | Direct Arterial Pressure Monitoring | 235 |
| 97 | Pitfalls of Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring | 238 |
| 98 | Effect of Cardiac Function on Central Venous Pressure | 240 |
| 99 | Factors Affecting Thermodilution Cardiac Output | 242 |
| 100 | Hemodynamic Monitoring for Patients with COPD | 244 |
| 101 | Line Isolation Monitors: Leakage Currents | 247 |
| 102 | Microshock Hazards | 249 |
| 103 | Laser Combustion | 250 |
| 104 | Physics And Physiology of Neuromuscular Monitoring | 252 |
| Clinical Sciences | |
| 105 | Preemptive Analgesia and Perioperative Pain Control | 257 |
| 106 | Patient-Controlled Analgesia | 260 |
| 107 | Epidural Steroid Injection | 262 |
| 108 | Pain Therapy for Patients with Cancer | 264 |
| 109 | Neuraxial Opioids | 267 |
| 110 | Celiac Plexus Block | 269 |
| 111 | Lumbar Sympathetic Block | 272 |
| 112 | Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy | 275 |
| 113 | Postherpetic Neuralgia | 277 |
| 114 | Stellate Ganglion Block | 279 |
| 115 | Postoperative Headache | 281 |
| 116 | Local Anesthetics: Mechanisms of Action | 283 |
| 117 | Local Anesthetic Pharmacology | 285 |
| 118 | Toxicity of Local Anesthetics | 288 |
| 119 | Local Anesthetic Preservatives | 291 |
| 120 | Cocaine Pharmacology | 293 |
| 121 | Spinal Anesthesia | 295 |
| 122 | Epidural Anesthesia | 298 |
| 123 | Combined Spinal-Epidural Blockade | 301 |
| 124 | Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation | 303 |
| 125 | Upper Extremity Blocks | 307 |
| 126 | Lower Extremity Blocks | 311 |
| 127 | Lower Extremity Block: Psoas Compartment Block | 316 |
| 128 | Nerve Block at the Ankle | 319 |
| 129 | Retrobulbar Blocks | 321 |
| 130 | Regional Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Children | 324 |
| 131 | Bronchopleural Fistula | 327 |
| 132 | Pneumo-, Hemo-, and Chylothorax | 328 |
| 133 | Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tubes | 330 |
| 134 | One-Lung Ventilation and Methods of Improving Oxygenation | 333 |
| 135 | High-Frequency Ventilation | 335 |
| 136 | Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient with Cardiac Disease | 337 |
| 137 | Pacemakers | 340 |
| 138 | Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator | 343 |
| 139 | Detection and Treatment of Perioperative Acute Coronary Syndromes | 346 |
| 140 | Anticoagulation and Reversal for Cardiopulmonary Bypass | 349 |
| 141 | Evaluation of the Coagulation System | 350 |
| 142 | Causes of Intraoperative Bradycardia | 353 |
| 143 | Aortic Stenosis | 355 |
| 144 | Heart Failure: Classification, Compensation, and Therapy | 357 |
| 145 | Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology | 359 |
| 146 | Congenital Heart Disease: Congestive Heart Failure | 362 |
| 147 | Anesthesia for Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Other Neonatal Cardiovascular Problems | 364 |
| 148 | Cardiopulmonary Bypass | 367 |
| 149 | Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures | 369 |
| 150 | Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass and Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass | 371 |
| 151 | Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump | 374 |
| 152 | Increased Intracranial Pressure | 376 |
| 153 | Anesthesia for Hypophysectomy | 379 |
| 154 | Carotid Endarterectomy | 381 |
| 155 | Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery | 383 |
| 156 | Cerebral Protection | 385 |
| 157 | Anesthesia for the Sitting Position | 387 |
| 158 | Physiology and Treatment of Venous Air Embolism | 389 |
| 159 | Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury | 392 |
| 160 | Autonomic Hyperreflexia | 394 |
| 161 | Prematurity: Anesthetic Risks | 396 |
| 162 | The Infant Airway Versus the Adult Airway | 399 |
| 163 | Congenital Pediatric Airway Problems | 401 |
| 164 | Effects of High Maternal Oxygen Concentrations on the Fetus | 403 |
| 165 | Fluid Management in Infants | 405 |
| 166 | Meconium Aspiration | 407 |
| 167 | Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | 409 |
| 168 | Other Neonatal Emergencies: Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Omphalocele | 411 |
| 169 | Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders | 413 |
| 170 | Pyloric Stenosis | 415 |
| 171 | VATER Association and Trisomy-21 | 417 |
| 172 | Croup Versus Epiglottitis | 419 |
| 173 | Neuromuscular Blockers in Neonates | 421 |
| 174 | Pediatric Breathing Circuits | 423 |
| 175 | Maternal Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy | 426 |
| 176 | Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy | 428 |
| 177 | Anesthesia for the Patient with Preeclampsia | 430 |
| 178 | Maternal Diabetes: Neonatal Effects | 432 |
| 179 | The Pregnant Patient with Cardiac Disease | 434 |
| 180 | Drugs Affecting the Uterus: Tocolytics and Oxytocics | 436 |
| 181 | Analgesia for Labor | 438 |
| 182 | Fetal Monitoring | 441 |
| 183 | Analgesia for Cesarean Section | 444 |
| 184 | Neonatal Resuscitation | 446 |
| 185 | Peripartum Hemorrhage | 449 |
| 186 | Type, Screen, and Crossmatch and Emergency Blood Group Switching | 451 |
| 187 | Red Blood Cell Transfusion | 453 |
| 188 | Massive Transfusion | 456 |
| 189 | Infectious Transfusion Risks | 458 |
| 190 | Occupational Transmission of Blood-Borne Pathogens | 460 |
| 191 | Autotransfusion | 463 |
| 192 | Indications and Risks of Platelet Transfusion | 465 |
| 193 | Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch | 467 |
| 194 | Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions | 470 |
| 195 | Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions | 472 |
| 196 | Sickle Cell Anemia: Anesthetic Implications | 474 |
| 197 | Issues in Ambulatory Anesthesia | 477 |
| 198 | Positioning | 480 |
| 199 | Management of the Difficult Airway | 482 |
| 200 | Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | 485 |
| 201 | Anticholinesterase and Anticholinergic Poisoning | 486 |
| 202 | Malignant Hyperthermia | 488 |
| 203 | Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome | 490 |
| 204 | Anesthesia for Myotonic Dystrophy | 493 |
| 205 | Anesthesia for Patients with Epilepsy | 495 |
| 206 | Morbid Obesity and Anesthesia | 498 |
| 207 | Anesthetic Implications of Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroid Storm | 501 |
| 208 | Anesthesia for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure | 504 |
| 209 | Anesthesia for Patients with Carcinoid Tumors | 506 |
| 210 | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy | 508 |
| 211 | Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery | 510 |
| 212 | Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy | 513 |
| 213 | Anesthesia for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus | 517 |
| 214 | Hyperosmolar Coma | 519 |
| 215 | Anesthesia for Patients with Hepatocellular Disease | 521 |
| 216 | Acute and Chronic Alcoholism and Anesthesia | 523 |
| 217 | Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation | 525 |
| 218 | Anesthesia for Tubal Ligation | 527 |
| 219 | Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate | 529 |
| 220 | Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy | 531 |
| 221 | Anesthesia for MRI | 533 |
| 222 | Strabismus Surgery | 535 |
| 223 | Oculocardiac Reflex | 536 |
| 224 | Anesthesia for Drug Abusers | 537 |
| 225 | Chemical Dependency in Anesthesia Personnel | 539 |
| 226 | Medical Ethics | 541 |
| 227 | Awareness Under Anesthesia | 543 |
| 228 | Eye Complications | 545 |
| 229 | Complications of Endotracheal Intubation | 547 |
| 230 | Pulmonary Embolism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment | 549 |
| 231 | Intraoperative Wheezing: Etiology and Treatment | 551 |
| 232 | Evaluation of Prolonged Postoperative Arousal | 553 |
| 233 | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting | 556 |
| 234 | Latex Allergy | 559 |
| 235 | Medical Legal Principles: Medical Negligence | 562 |
| 236 | Perioperative Pulmonary Aspiration | 564 |
| 237 | Perioperative Neuropathies in the Upper Extremities | 566 |
| 238 | Perioperative Neuropathies in the Lower Extremities | 569 |
| Index | 571 |