| Preface | |
| 1 | General Introduction | 1 |
| 2 | The Spread of Christianity: Early Christians and their Converts | 7 |
| 1 | The Acts of John | 10 |
| 2 | The Acts of Thomas | 13 |
| 3 | Justin: Dialogue with Trypho | 18 |
| 3 | The Attack on Christianity: Persecution and Martyrdom in the Early Church | 25 |
| 4 | The Letter of Ignatius to the Romans | 28 |
| 5 | The Martyrdom of Polycarp | 30 |
| 6 | The Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons | 35 |
| 7 | The Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs | 41 |
| 8 | The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas | 42 |
| 4 | The Defense of Christianity: The Early Christian Apologists | 51 |
| 9 | Minucius Felix: Octavius | 54 |
| 10 | Justin: First Apology | 57 |
| 11 | Athenagoras: Plea Regarding the Christians | 65 |
| 12 | The Letter to Diognetus | 71 |
| 13 | Tertullian: Apology | 75 |
| 14 | Origen: Against Celsus | 82 |
| 5 | Anti-Judaic Polemic: The Opposition to Jews in Early Christianity | 95 |
| 15 | The Epistle of Barnabas | 98 |
| 16 | Justin: Dialogue with Trypho | 106 |
| 17 | Melito of Sardis: On the Passover | 115 |
| 18 | Tertullian: Answer to the Jews | 129 |
| 6 | The Diversity of Early Christianity: Writings Later Deemed Heretical | 131 |
| 19 | The Gospel According to the Ebionites | 134 |
| 20 | The Letter of Peter to James and Its Reception | 136 |
| 21 | The Homilies of Clement | 139 |
| 22 | The Secret Book of John | 146 |
| 23 | The First Thought in Three Forms | 154 |
| 24 | The Gospel of Truth | 160 |
| 25 | Ptolemy's Letter to Flora | 165 |
| 26 | On the Origin of the World | 170 |
| 27 | The Wisdom of Jesus Christ | 177 |
| 28 | The Treatise on the Resurrection | 182 |
| 29 | The Hymn of the Pearl | 185 |
| 30 | The Gospel of Philip | 187 |
| 7 | The Internal Conflicts of Christianity: Writings Against the "Heretics" | 193 |
| 31 | Irenaeus: Against the Heresies | 196 |
| 32 | Tertullian: Prescription of the Heretics | 211 |
| 33 | Tertullian: On the Flesh of Christ | 218 |
| 34 | Tertullian: Against Praxeas | 224 |
| 35 | The Coptic Apocalypse of Peter | 227 |
| 36 | The Second Treatise of the Great Seth | 230 |
| 8 | "Apostolic" Writings Outside the Canon: New Testament Apocrypha/Pseudepigrapha | 235 |
| 37 | The Gospel of Thomas | 237 |
| 38 | The Gospel of Peter | 244 |
| 39 | The Proto-Gospel of James | 247 |
| 40 | The Infancy Gospel of Thomas | 255 |
| 41 | The Epistle of the Apostles | 259 |
| 42 | The Acts of Peter | 263 |
| 43 | The Acts of Paul | 275 |
| 44 | The Acts of Thecla | 278 |
| 45 | The Acts of John | 284 |
| 46 | Paul's Third Letter to the Corinthians | 290 |
| 47 | The Correspondence Between Paul and Seneca | 292 |
| 48 | Paul's Letter to the Laodiceans | 295 |
| 49 | The Apocalypse of Peter | 296 |
| 50 | The Apocalypse of Paul | 301 |
| 9 | The New Scriptures: Canonical Lists in Early Christianity | 309 |
| 51 | The Muratorian Canon | 311 |
| 52 | Irenaeus: Against the Heresies | 313 |
| 53 | Origen of Alexandria | 314 |
| 54 | Eusebius: Ecclesiastical History | 315 |
| 10 | The Structure of Early Christianity: The Development of Church Offices | 317 |
| 55 | First Clement | 320 |
| 56 | The Didache | 323 |
| 57 | The Letters of Ignatius to the Ephesians, Magnesians, and Smyrneans | 325 |
| 58 | Hippolytus: The Apostolic Tradition | 328 |
| 59 | The Didascalia | 333 |
| 60 | Cyprian: On the Unity of the Catholic Church | 340 |
| 11 | The Development of the Liturgy: Ritual Practices in Early Christianity | 343 |
| 61 | The Didache | 346 |
| 62 | Justin: First Apology | 347 |
| 63 | Tertullian: Apology | 349 |
| 64 | Tertullian: On the Crown | 352 |
| 65 | Hippolytus: The Apostolic Tradition | 353 |
| 66 | The Didascalia | 356 |
| 12 | The Proclamation of the Word: Homilies in Early Christianity | 361 |
| 67 | Second Clement | 363 |
| 68 | Origen: Homilies on Luke | 369 |
| 69 | Origen: Homilies on Genesis | 375 |
| 13 | Leading the Upright Life: The Role of Ethics in Early Christianity | 383 |
| 70 | The Didache | 385 |
| 71 | Clement of Alexandria: The Educator | 387 |
| 72 | Tertullian: To His Wife | 399 |
| 14 | The Emergence of Orthodoxy: Theological Writings of Proto-Orthodox Christians | 405 |
| 73 | Tertullian: Against Praxeas | 408 |
| 74 | Origen: On First Principles | 413 |
| 75 | Novatian: On the Trinity | 430 |
| 76 | Dionysius of Rome: Letter to Dionysius of Alexandria | 435 |